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Head, Neck And Neuro > PBL - Patient With Facial Incised Wound > Flashcards

PBL - Patient With Facial Incised Wound Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main vessels which supply the face?

A

Facial artery

Superficial temporal artery

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2
Q

Where does the facial artery arise from?

A

External carotid

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3
Q

Where does the facial artery cross onto the face?

A

Crosses lower border of mandible 2.5cm in front of the angle of the mandible.

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4
Q

Where in the face are the best facial artery anastomoses?

A

By the superior and inferior labile branches - makes a vascular ring within the tissues of the lips

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5
Q

Where does the superficial temporal artery arise from?

A

The maxillary branch of the external carotid

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6
Q

What is the path of the superficial temporal artery?

A

Runs upwards from the neck, immediately in front of the tragus of the ear, where is can be felt

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7
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the face.

A

Main veins are paired with arteries and drain to the internal jugular vein

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8
Q

Which salivary gland is the largest?

A

Parotid gland

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9
Q

Which important vessels are found within the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve and branches
Where the external carotid artery branches to superficial temporal artey
Reteromandibular vein

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10
Q

How long it the parotid duct?

A

5cm long

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11
Q

What is the nervous supply of the parotid gland?

A

Parasympathetic nerves stimulate secretion

Effected by impulses that run in the CNXI, and then the CNVIII branch

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12
Q

Where is the submandibular gland located?

A

Between the lower surface of the mandible and myohyoid muscle

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13
Q

Where does the submandibular duct open in the mouth?

A

Beside the frenulum of the tongue

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14
Q

Which gland is the closest to the oral cavity?

A

Sublingual gland

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15
Q

How does the sublingual gland pass its secretions into the mouth?

A

Through a dozen minute ducts

  • some open straight into the floor
  • others open into submandibular duct
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16
Q

What kind of cells are found in the acinus of the salivary glands?

A

Serous cells

Mucous cells

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17
Q

What kind of cells have processes that extend over the outer surface of the acini?

A

Myoepthielial cells?

18
Q

List functions of saliva.

A 
Facilitates swallowing
Helps speech
Contains alpha-amylase 
Contains IgA
Contains lysozyme
19
Q

How much of total secretions from the salivary glands does each one provide?

A

Parotid - 25%
Submandibular - 70%
Sublingual - 5%

20
Q

How is the isotonic fluid (the primary secretion) formed in the acinar cells of the salivary glands?

A

Active transport of electrolytes followed by passive movement of water

21
Q

What aquaporin channels are found in salivary acinar cells?

A

AQ5

22
Q

How does secondary modification of salivary fluid occur?

A

Ion transport pumps are in the epithelial cells lining the ducts.
Sodium and chloride are reabsorbed and potassium and bicarbonate are secreted

23
Q

What osmolality is the final salivary secretion compared to plasma?

A

Hypotonic

24
Q

If flow rate of secretion increases, what happens to the ionic concentration of sailiva?

A

It increases in sodium, chloride and bicarbonate concentration, and decreases in potassium.

25
Q

What can form is the parotid duct is damaged?

A

Salivary mucocele

- a collection of salivary leaked from a damaged salivary duct or gland

26
Q

What does a salivary mucocele look like?

A

A blue/transleuent swelling just under the lining of the mouth

27
Q

Where does the facial nerve originate?

A

Between the pons and the medulla

28
Q

What is the intermediate nerve of the facial nerve?

A

Contains special afferent fibres for taste

29
Q

Where does the facial nerve leave the cranial fossa?

A

The internal acoustic meatus

30
Q

Where do the two facial nerve roots fuse?

A

Petrous part of the temporal bone

31
Q

Which nerve is given off from the facial at the geniculate ganglion?

A

Greater petrosal nerve - carries mainly preganglionic parasympathetic fibres

32
Q

Which other nerves does the facial nerve give off before it exits the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Stapedius nerve

Chorda tympani

33
Q

What are the five terminal groups of branches of the facial nerve?

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular 
Cervical
34
Q

How is the facial nerve tested for clinically?

A

Ask patient to smile - check symmetry
Ask patient to screw up eyes, and you gently try to pull them open - should resist
Ask patient to raise eyebrows - check symmetry

35
Q

What are the three theoretical models of the violence reduction unit?

A

Typology of Violence
Public heath approach
Ecological framework

36
Q

In which four modes can violence be inflicted?

A

Physical
Sexual
Psychological attack
Deprivation

37
Q

Physical violence can be broken down into three sub-types.

A

Self-directed harm
Intrapersonal violence
Collective violence

38
Q

Intrapersonal violence can be broken down into two more subtypes.

A 
Family
- child
- partner
- elder
Community
- acquaintance
- stranger
39
Q

How is the public health approach to violence started?

A

Addressing the underlying risk factors that increase risk of someone becoming a victim or perpetrator of harm

40
Q

What are the four steps of the public heath approach to violence?

A

Define problem
Establish why violence occurs using research
Find out what works to prevent violence
Implement effective and promising interventions

41
Q

What are possible reasons on an individual level for someone to perpetrate violence?

A 
Personal history
Biological factors 
Victim of child maltreatment
Psychological disorders
Alcohol/substance abuse 
History of violence
42
Q

What are possible reasons on a societal level for someone to perpetrate violence?

A 
Economic policies
Weapon availability 
Social and cultural norms 
- dominance over women
- dominance over children
- endorsement of violence

Head, Neck And Neuro (19 decks)

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