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Head, Neck And Neuro > Facial muscles > Flashcards

Facial muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are all the muscles of facial expression innervated by?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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2
Q

Which two facial muscles are associated with the orbital group?

A

Orbicularis oculi

Corrugator supercilii

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3
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Closes the eyelids

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4
Q

Name and describe the two major parts of the orbiculris oculi?

A

Outer orbital part - broad ring encircling the orbital orifice and extends beyond orbital ring
Inner palpebral part - in the eye lids, consisting of muscle fibres arching from medial to lateral corners of the eye

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5
Q

What is the difference between the palpebral and orbital parts of the orbicularis oris?

A

Both close the eyes

  • palpebral gently
  • orbital - forcefully
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6
Q

Describe the corrugator supercilii.

A

Deep to eyebrowns and orbicularis oris.
Active during frowning
Arises from superciliary arch, passing up+laterally to insert into the skin of the medial half of the eyebrow

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7
Q

What is the function of corrugator supercilii?

A

Draws eyebrows towards midline, causing vertical wrinkles above nose

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8
Q

Which three muscles are in the nasal group?

A

Nasalis
Procerus
Depressor septi nasi

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9
Q

What are the two parts of the nasalis?

A

Transverse part

Alar part

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10
Q

What is the function of the transverse part of the nasalis?

A

Compresses the nares and forms an apopneurosis with its partner across the dorsum of the nose

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11
Q

What is the function of the alar part of the nasalis?

A

Opens the nares

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12
Q

Describe the action of the procerus muscule.

A

Draws the medial border of the eyebrows downward to produce wrinkles over the bridge of the nose

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13
Q

Describe the action of the depressory septi nasi.

A

Pulls the nose inferiorly, assisting the alar part of the nasalis to open the nares

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14
Q

What is the function of the oral group, and what do they include?

A

They move the lips and cheek

  • orbicularis oris
  • buccinator
  • upper and lower group of muscles
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15
Q

What is the function of orbicularis oris?

A

Narrows mouth, closes and purses lips

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16
Q

Which is the deepest muscle of the cheek?

A

Buccinator

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17
Q

What is the function of the buccinator muscle?

A

Forces air of out cheeks

Keeps cheecks taut and aids mastication by preventing food accumulation between teeth and cheeks

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18
Q

Name the lower group of muscles (part of the oral group)

A

Depressor anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris
Mentalis

19
Q

Describe the action of depressor anglui oris

A

Active during frowning

Depresses the corner of the mouth

20
Q

Describe the action of depressor labii inferioris.

A

Depresses the lower lip and moves it laterally

21
Q

Describe the action of the mentalis muscle.

A

Raises and protrudes the lower lip as it wrinkles the skin

22
Q

Name the muscles within the upper group of muscles (part of the oral group).

A 
Risorius
Zygomaticus major + minor
Levator labii superioris 
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Levator anguli oris
23
Q

Describe the action of the risorius muscle.

A

Helps produce a grin.
Extends laterally from corner of mouth in an upwards direction - so contraction pulls corner of mouth laterally and upwards

24
Q

Describe the action of zygomaticus major and minor muscle.

A

Helps produce a smile, raiseing corner of the mouth and moving laterally.

25
Q

Describe the action of levator labii superioris.

A

This deepens the furrow between the nose and the corner of the mouth during sadness

26
Q

Describe the action of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi.

A

This is medial to the levator labii superioris and assits in flaring the nares

27
Q

Describe the action of levator anglui oris.

A

Deep to other levators and zygomaticus muscles.

Elevates corner of mouth and helps deepen nose-mouth furrow when sad.

28
Q

Describe the platysma muscle

A

Large, thin sheet of muscle in superficial fascia of neck

29
Q

What is the function of the platysma muscle?

A

Tenses the skin of the neck and can move lower lip and corners of the mouth down

30
Q

Describe the articular muscles

A

Anterior, superior and posterior auricular muscles

31
Q

What is the function of the articular muscles?

A

Anterior - pulls the ear upwards and forwards
Superior - elevates the ear
Posterior - retracts and elevates the ear

32
Q

Describe the occipitofrontalis muscle

A

Associated with the scalp

Consists of a frontal belly and occipital belly with a connecting aponeurotic tendon

33
Q

What is the function of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

A

Moves the scalp and wrinkles the forehead

34
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

35
Q

What is the main difference between the muscles of facial expression and the muscles of mastication?

A

Muscles of mastication are supplied by the Trigeminal nerve, while the muscles of facial expression are supplied by the Facial nerve.

36
Q

Describe the masseter and its location.

A

The most powerful muscle of mastication
Quadrangular in shape
Superficial to pterygoids and temporalis

37
Q

What is the function of the masseter muscle?

A

Elevates the mandible - closing the mouth

38
Q

Describe the temporalis.

A

Originates from temporal fossa and inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible

39
Q

What is the function of the temporalis muscle?

A

Elevates the mandible - closing the mouth

Retracts the mandible, pulling the jaw posteriorly

40
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Elevates the mandible, closing the mouth

41
Q

Describe the medial pterygoid muscle.

A

Quadrangular in shape, with two heads

Located inferiorly to the lateral lterygoid

42
Q

Describe the lateral pterygoid muscle

A

Triangular in shape with two heads

Horizontally orientates muscle fibre

43
Q

What is the function of the lateral pterygoid muscle muscle?

A

It’s a major protracter of the mandible

Produces side to side movement of the jaw

Head, Neck And Neuro (19 decks)

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