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Head, Neck And Neuro > Functional Anatomy Of The Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Functional Anatomy Of The Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

Which two sources do motor neurons receive input?

A

Local sources - segmental reflexes

Descending tracts from brain - voluntary movement

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2
Q

Where does the lateral corticospinal tract decussate?

A

In the medulla

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3
Q

Where does the anterior corticospinal tract decussate?

A

At the level at which it leaves the spinal cord

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4
Q

Where in the white matter does the lateral corticospinal tract travel?

A

Immediately lateral to the dorsal horn

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5
Q

Where in the white matter does the anterior corticospinal tract travel?

A

Lateral to the anterior median fissure

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6
Q

Which two parts of the brain does the corticospinal tract travel through?

A

Internal capsule

Cerebral peduncle of the midbrain

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7
Q

Where do the axons of the corticospinal tract form ventral bulges, and what are they called?

A

In the medulla oblongata

- known as pyramids

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8
Q

What is the difference in function between the lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts?

A

Anterior - control trunk and proximal limb movement

Lateral - precise, agile and highly skilled movements of hands and feet

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9
Q

What is the function of the corticobulbar pathway?

A

Controls skeletal muscles of the head

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10
Q

Which two areas of the brain does the corticobulbar tract pass through?

A

Internal capsule

Cerebral peduncle of the midbrain

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11
Q

Which nine cranial nerve motor nuclei, do axons of the corticobulbar tract terminate in?

A 
Oculomotor 
Trochlear 
Trigeminal
Abducens 
Facial
Glossopharyngeal 
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
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12
Q

What is the function of the tectospinal pathway?

A

Maintains balance and posture

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13
Q

Which neurons does tectospinal modulate the activity of?

A

Alpha and gamma motor neurons innervation muscles of the neck

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14
Q

What is the function of the vestibulospinal pathway?

A

Maintains balance and posture

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15
Q

What are the two parts of the retculospinal tract?

A

Pontine (extensor)

Medullary (flexor)

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16
Q

What is the function of the reticulospinal tract?

A

Maintains balance and posture

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17
Q

What is the function of the rubrospinal tract?

A

Regulates upper limb muscle tone and movement

18
Q

Where do the upper motor neurons arise in the rubrospinal tract?

A

The red nuclei of the midbrain

19
Q

Where do upper motor neurons of the rubrospinal tract decussate?

A

Midbrain

20
Q

Where in the White matter of the spinal cord will you find the dorsal column (medial lemniscus pathway)?

A

Posterior and medial to the dorsal horn

21
Q

Why is the dorsal column/medial lemniscus path called this?

A

Dorsal column of the spinal cord

Medial lemniscus of the brainstem

22
Q

Where do first order neurons of the dorsal column arise from and terminate at?

A

Arises from sensory receptors in limbs, trunk, neck, etc

Travels into the spinal cord, ascends up the ipsilateral side and terminates at the medulla (still ipsilaterally)

23
Q

Where are the cell bodies for the first order neurons of the dorsal column found?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

24
Q

What are the two dorsal columns in the white matter - and what sensations are carried in each?

A

Gracile fasciculus
- touch, pressure and vibration from lower limbs
Cuneate fasciculus
- touch, pressure, vibration and conscious proprioception from the upper limbs, trunk and neck

25
Q

Where do first and second order neurons synapse in the dorsal column?

A

In either the gracilis or cuneate nucleus

26
Q

Where do the second order neurons of the dorsal column arise and terminate?

A

Arise in the cuneate of gracile nucleus, then decussate (in the medulla still) and enters the medial lemniscus
Terminates in the ventral, posterior nucleus of the thalamus

27
Q

Where do tertiary axons of the dorsal column arise and terminate?

A

Arise in the ventral, posterior nucleus of the thalamus

Terminates in the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex

28
Q

What sensations does the medial lemniscus pathway transmit?

A

Tactile sensations

Proprioception

29
Q

Where in the white matter is the spinothalamI c tract located?

A

Anterio-lateral to the ventral horn

30
Q

What sensations does the spinothalamic tract carry?

A

Pain
Temperature
Itch
Tickle

31
Q

Where do the first order neurons in the spinothalamic tract arise and decussate?

A

They arise at the receptor (in trunk, limbs, neck, posterior head)
They terminate in the dorsal horn on the ipsilateral side

32
Q

Where do the second order neurons in the spinothalamic tract arise and decussate?

A

They arise in the dorsal horn, and then decussate to the contralateral side
They pass up the spinal cord
They terminate in the ventral, posterior nucleus of the thalamus

33
Q

Where do the third order neurons in the spinothalamic tract arise and decussate?

A

They arise in the ventral, posterior nucleus of the thalamus and travel to the primary somatosensory area (on the same side as the thalamus)

34
Q

Where are the pre-ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system located?

A

Thoracolumbar region

- T1-L3

35
Q

Where are the pre-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system located?

A

The brainstem
- CN III, VII, IX and X
Sacral region
- S2-4

36
Q

Where are the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system located?

A

In the sympathetic trunk - next to the vertebral column from T1 to the coccyx

37
Q

Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system located?

A

Near the targets organ - in the walls of the viscera they innervate

38
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Increased heart rate
Decreases gut activity
Dilates pupils

39
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Decreased heart rate
Increased gut motility
Pupil constriction
Increase in secretions

40
Q

What organs are only supplies by the sympathies nervous system?

A 
Sweat glands
Adrenal medulla
Hair follicles 
Spleen
Iris dilator
41
Q

What organs are only supplies by the parasympathies nervous system?

A

Ciliary muscles - focusing the eye

Iris sphincter

Head, Neck And Neuro (19 decks)

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