PBL

Question 1

Name a cell which is part of the adaptive immune system.

Name a receptor involved in the immune system which is not an antigen receptor.

How do penicillins act against bacteria?

To what group of antibiotics does clarithromycin belong, and how do they work?

Answer 1

B cell/T cell

Fc, C3b

Inhibits CW synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase

Macrolide, inhibits bacterial ribosomes/protein synthesis.

Question 2

Which WBC is the first to enter tissues in acute inflammation?

Which class (isotope) of antibody blocks the binding of pathogens (neutralisation), and activates the classical complement pathway and acts on opsonin?

Name a bacterial structure which mediates resistance to the immune system.

Answer 2

Neutraphils

IgG

Capsule (or slime)

Question 3

When a B cell is receiveing help from a T-cell, which of the following are correct, and which is most relevant?

a) Endogenous antigen is presented on class I HLA molecule to CD8 T cells
b) Exogenous antigen is presented on class I HLA molecule to CD8 T cells
c) Endogenous antigen is presented on class II HLA molecule to CD8 T cells
d) Endogenous antigen is presented on class I HLA molecule to CD4 T cells
e) Exogenous antigen is presented on class II HLA molecule to CD8 T cells
f) Exogenous antigen is presented on class II HLA molecule to CD4 T cells

Answer 3

A and F. F most relevant.

Question 4

Which test results particularly suggest the diagnosis of Common Variable Immune Deficiency?

Name 2 kinds of treatment for CVID, both of which Theresa receives.

Answer 4

Low Abs/low lymphocytes/poor response to vaccine

Ab replacement, prophylactic antibiotics

Question 5

What is a granuloma?

Name an infective cause and a mysterious apparently non-infective cause.

Name 3 major groups of infectious agents that are characteristic of AIDS.

Answer 5

Lesion with cells of macrophage origin in the middle ususally with lymphocytes outside and sometimes with necrotic material in the middle.

Infective cause: TB, brucellosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcus

Mysterious: CVID, sarcoid, Crohn’s disease

Fungi, protozoa, virus, mycobacterium

Question 6

Name an infectious agent that is potentially passed on by human blood products.

What are the structures that bacteria use for adhesion and motility?

What type of hypersensitivity is anaphylaxis?

Answer 6

HIV, hep B, hep C, syphillus, malaria

Pili/fimbriae and flagella

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