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Year 1 - Term 2: Infection and Immunity > Bacteria List > Flashcards

Bacteria List Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcus aures

Type

Coagulase

Causes

Resistant

A

G+ve cocci, grapes

Coagulase positive

Abcess, carbuncle, mastitis puerperalis, osteomyelitis (haematogenic), wound infections, impetigo, pneumonia, bacteraemia, septicaemia, endocarditis. Makes toxins causing enterocolitis, scalded skin syndrome.

MRSA

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2
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Type

Catalase

Causes

Resistant

A

G+ve cocci, chains, capsulated

Catalase negative

Lobar and broncho pneumonia, otitis media, septicaemia, meningitis

Usually to simple penicillina like V and G. Vaccines available

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3
Q

Streptococcus pyrogenes (Group A)

Type

Causes

A

G-ve, coccus

Sore throats, cellulitis, impetigo, puerperal fever, septicaemia. Rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis etc.

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4
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

Type

Causes

Spread by

Vaccines?

A

G-ve cocci, the meningococcus, polysaccharide capsule

Septicaemia, meningitis

Respiratory droplets, kissing

Yes

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5
Q

Neisseria gonnorrhoeae

Type

Causes

Spread by

Spread prevented by

A

G-ve cocci, the gonococcus

Gonorrhoea

Sexual intercourse

Abstinence, condoms (no vaccine)

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6
Q

Clostridium tetani

Type

Causes

Vaccine?

A

Gram +ve rod, anaerobic, in soil

If gets into wounds -> tetanus (relentless nerve stimulation)

Yes

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7
Q

Clostridium botulinum

Type

Causes

A

G+ve rod, anaerobic

Food poisoning, paralysis

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8
Q

Clostridium difficile

Type

Causes

A

Gram +ve rod, anaerobic, in soil

Toxin-mediated colitis

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9
Q

Clostridium perfringens

Type

Causes

A

Gram +ve rod, anaerobic, in soil

Gas gangrene via toins, food poisoning

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10
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Type

Causes

Vaccine?

A

Gram +ve rod

Diptheria: toxins cause nerve and muscle death, cardiotoxicity.

Yes (DTP)

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11
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

Type

Causes

A

Gram +ve rod, in unpasterurised cheese

Septicaemia, meningitis, foetal loss

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12
Q

Mycobacteria tuberculosis/bovis

Type

Causes

Vaccine?

Prevention?

Treatment

A

Gram +ve rod, mycolic acid in CW, slow growing, Ziehl-Neelsen stains

TB (initially in lungs - respiratory droplet spread, or in pharynx and gut - infected milk), granuloma.

Yes, live attenuated

Pasteurise milk, test cattle, kill badgers.

Special prolonged courses of combinations of antimicrobials. Drug resistance. TB increases with AIDS.

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13
Q

Escherichia coli

Type

Causes

A

Gram -ve rods, enterobacteria, commensual living in gut

UTI, septicaemia. Enteritis (pathogenic strains)

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14
Q

Salmonella typhi

Type

Causes

A

Gram -ve rod, enterobacteria, obligate pathogen. faecal-oral spread (contamination)

Typhoid fever

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15
Q

Shigella dysenteriae

Type

Causes

A

Gram -ve rod, enterobacteria, obligate pathogen, faecal-oral spread

Bacillary dysentery. (Other spp causes enteritis)

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16
Q

Pavobacteria

Type

A

Gram -ve rods, sometimes so short = cocci

17
Q

Haemophilius influenzae

Type

Causes

Vaccine?

A

Gram -ve rod, strain b is capsulated

Lower and upper respiratory tract infections, otitis media, epiglottitis, meningitis

Yes

18
Q

Brucella spp

Type

Causes

Eradication

A

Gram -ve rod, zoonosis (cattle, sheep, goats)

Brucellosis: intermittent septicaemia with granulomata in various organs

Pasteurise milk, eliminate from farm animals

19
Q

Bordatella pertussis

Type

Causes

Vaccine?

A

Gram -ve rod, droplet spread

Whooping cough, brochitis, bronchopneumonia

Yes (DTP)

20
Q

Legionella pneumophila

Type

Causes

Prevention

A

Gram -ve rod, spread indirect airbourne e.g. aircon

Legionaire’s disease: atypical pneumonia, spread throughout body. Fever, SoB

Ensure water that is to become aerosol is kept sterile

21
Q

Rikettsia prowazeki

Type

Causes

A

Gram -ve pleomorphic, carried by lice

Epidemic typhus: high fever, purpuric rash, headache, photophobia, cough, severe myalgia, shock, death

22
Q

Rikettsia rickettssi

Type

Causes

A

Gram -ve pleomorphic, transmitted by ticks

Rocky mountain spotty fever

23
Q

Mycoplasma

Defining feature?

Causes?

A

No cell wall so not susceptible to beta lactams or glycopeptides.

Respiratory infections: atypcal pneumonia

24
Q

Treponema pallidum

Type

Causes

Transmission?

A

Spirochaete, modified flagella

Syphilis. 20 manifestations: fevers, skin lesions. Long term aortic aneurism, neurological pathology.

Sexual. Vertical: congenital infection, stillbirth

25
Q

Borrelia bergdorferi

Type and transmitted by

Causes

A

Spirochaete, modified flagella, transmitted by ticks

Lyme disease, rash, fevers, malaise, longterm neurological/rheumatological sequelae.

26
Q

Leptospira spp

Type

Causes

Transmitted by

A

Spirochaete, modified flagella

Weil’s disease, fever, jaundice, renal failure, death

Ingesting water contaminated by rats’ urine (zoonosis)

27
Q

Chlamydia

2 forms

Replication conditions

Causes

Spread by

A

Extracellular and intracellular.

Has to infect cells but has seperate ribosomes and is walled off in cytoplasm.

Genital infection, pelvic inflamamtory disease, infertility, vertical spread, some spp cause trachoma (causes blindness)

Direct touch

Year 1 - Term 2: Infection and Immunity (22 decks)

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