Bacteria List Flashcards
Staphylococcus aures
Type
Coagulase
Causes
Resistant
G+ve cocci, grapes
Coagulase positive
Abcess, carbuncle, mastitis puerperalis, osteomyelitis (haematogenic), wound infections, impetigo, pneumonia, bacteraemia, septicaemia, endocarditis. Makes toxins causing enterocolitis, scalded skin syndrome.
MRSA
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Type
Catalase
Causes
Resistant
G+ve cocci, chains, capsulated
Catalase negative
Lobar and broncho pneumonia, otitis media, septicaemia, meningitis
Usually to simple penicillina like V and G. Vaccines available
Streptococcus pyrogenes (Group A)
Type
Causes
G-ve, coccus
Sore throats, cellulitis, impetigo, puerperal fever, septicaemia. Rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis etc.
Neisseria meningitidis
Type
Causes
Spread by
Vaccines?
G-ve cocci, the meningococcus, polysaccharide capsule
Septicaemia, meningitis
Respiratory droplets, kissing
Yes
Neisseria gonnorrhoeae
Type
Causes
Spread by
Spread prevented by
G-ve cocci, the gonococcus
Gonorrhoea
Sexual intercourse
Abstinence, condoms (no vaccine)
Clostridium tetani
Type
Causes
Vaccine?
Gram +ve rod, anaerobic, in soil
If gets into wounds -> tetanus (relentless nerve stimulation)
Yes
Clostridium botulinum
Type
Causes
G+ve rod, anaerobic
Food poisoning, paralysis
Clostridium difficile
Type
Causes
Gram +ve rod, anaerobic, in soil
Toxin-mediated colitis
Clostridium perfringens
Type
Causes
Gram +ve rod, anaerobic, in soil
Gas gangrene via toins, food poisoning
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Type
Causes
Vaccine?
Gram +ve rod
Diptheria: toxins cause nerve and muscle death, cardiotoxicity.
Yes (DTP)
Listeria monocytogenes
Type
Causes
Gram +ve rod, in unpasterurised cheese
Septicaemia, meningitis, foetal loss
Mycobacteria tuberculosis/bovis
Type
Causes
Vaccine?
Prevention?
Treatment
Gram +ve rod, mycolic acid in CW, slow growing, Ziehl-Neelsen stains
TB (initially in lungs - respiratory droplet spread, or in pharynx and gut - infected milk), granuloma.
Yes, live attenuated
Pasteurise milk, test cattle, kill badgers.
Special prolonged courses of combinations of antimicrobials. Drug resistance. TB increases with AIDS.
Escherichia coli
Type
Causes
Gram -ve rods, enterobacteria, commensual living in gut
UTI, septicaemia. Enteritis (pathogenic strains)
Salmonella typhi
Type
Causes
Gram -ve rod, enterobacteria, obligate pathogen. faecal-oral spread (contamination)
Typhoid fever
Shigella dysenteriae
Type
Causes
Gram -ve rod, enterobacteria, obligate pathogen, faecal-oral spread
Bacillary dysentery. (Other spp causes enteritis)
Pavobacteria
Type
Gram -ve rods, sometimes so short = cocci
Haemophilius influenzae
Type
Causes
Vaccine?
Gram -ve rod, strain b is capsulated
Lower and upper respiratory tract infections, otitis media, epiglottitis, meningitis
Yes
Brucella spp
Type
Causes
Eradication
Gram -ve rod, zoonosis (cattle, sheep, goats)
Brucellosis: intermittent septicaemia with granulomata in various organs
Pasteurise milk, eliminate from farm animals
Bordatella pertussis
Type
Causes
Vaccine?
Gram -ve rod, droplet spread
Whooping cough, brochitis, bronchopneumonia
Yes (DTP)
Legionella pneumophila
Type
Causes
Prevention
Gram -ve rod, spread indirect airbourne e.g. aircon
Legionaire’s disease: atypical pneumonia, spread throughout body. Fever, SoB
Ensure water that is to become aerosol is kept sterile
Rikettsia prowazeki
Type
Causes
Gram -ve pleomorphic, carried by lice
Epidemic typhus: high fever, purpuric rash, headache, photophobia, cough, severe myalgia, shock, death
Rikettsia rickettssi
Type
Causes
Gram -ve pleomorphic, transmitted by ticks
Rocky mountain spotty fever
Mycoplasma
Defining feature?
Causes?
No cell wall so not susceptible to beta lactams or glycopeptides.
Respiratory infections: atypcal pneumonia
Treponema pallidum
Type
Causes
Transmission?
Spirochaete, modified flagella
Syphilis. 20 manifestations: fevers, skin lesions. Long term aortic aneurism, neurological pathology.
Sexual. Vertical: congenital infection, stillbirth
Borrelia bergdorferi
Type and transmitted by
Causes
Spirochaete, modified flagella, transmitted by ticks
Lyme disease, rash, fevers, malaise, longterm neurological/rheumatological sequelae.
Leptospira spp
Type
Causes
Transmitted by
Spirochaete, modified flagella
Weil’s disease, fever, jaundice, renal failure, death
Ingesting water contaminated by rats’ urine (zoonosis)
Chlamydia
2 forms
Replication conditions
Causes
Spread by
Extracellular and intracellular.
Has to infect cells but has seperate ribosomes and is walled off in cytoplasm.
Genital infection, pelvic inflamamtory disease, infertility, vertical spread, some spp cause trachoma (causes blindness)
Direct touch
