Antibiotic List Flashcards
Benzylpenicillin
Type
Spectrum
Administration route
Penetration
Clinical use
Penicillin
Gram +ve
IV
Most tissues, meninges
Drug of choice for streptococci and meningococcal disease. Check for penicillin allergy first!
Amoxicillin
Type
Spectrum
Administration route
Penetration
Clinical use
Penicillin, inhibtis CW synthesis
Gram +ve and -ve
Oral, IV
Most tissues, meninges
Drug of choice for streptococcal disease except empirically for sore throat; listeria, H.pylori
Flucloxacillin
Type
Spectrum
Administration route
Penetration
Clinical use
Penicillin, inhibits CW synthesis
Gram +ve
Oral and IV
Most tissues, NOT CNS
Drug of choice for all S. aureus infections except MRSA
Co-amoxiclav
Type
Spectrum
Administration route
Penetration
Clinical use
Penicillin (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid), inhibits CW synthesis + B lactamase inhibitor
Gram +e and -ve, anti-anaerobic
Oral, IV
Most tissues, NOT CSF or bone
Polymicrobial infections, B-lactamase producing G+ and G- infections. Resistance = MRSA
Piptazobactam
Type
Spectrum
Administration route
Penetration
Clinical use
Penicillin (piperacillin + tazobactam), inhibit CE synthesis + B lactamase inhibitor
Gram +ve and -ve, anti-anaerobic and anti-pseudomonal
IV
Most tissues, NOT CSF
Polymicrobial infections, B-lactamase producing G+ and G-, pseudomonas. Resistance = MRSA
Ceftriaxone
Type
Spectrum
Administration route
Penetration
Clinical use
Cephalosporin, inhibit CW synthesis
Gram +ve and -ve
IV
Most tissues, meninges
Meningitis and pneumonia. R**esistance = MRSA
Ceftazidime
Type
Spectrum
Administration route
Penetration
Clinical use
Cephalosporin, inhibits CW synthesis
Gram +ve and -ve, pseudomonas
IV
Most tissues, meninges
Serious intra abdominal and UTIs. Resistance = MRSA
Meropenem
Type
Spectrum
Administration route
Penetration
Clinical use
Carbapenem, inhibit CW synthesis, B-lactamase inhibitor
Gram +ve and -ve, anti-anaerobic, anti-pseudomonal
IV
Most tissues, meninges
Polymicrobial infections, ESBL producing G-ve. Resistance = MRSA
Vancomycin/teicoplanin
Type
Spectrum
Administration route
Penetration
Clinical use
Glycopeptides, act on CW
Gram +ve and C. diff
IV
Poor CSF prenetration
Problem G+ve
Gentamicin/Amikacin
Type
Spectrum
Administration route
Penetration
Clinical use
Aminoglycosides, act on 30S ribosomes
Gram +ve (staph) and -ve, anti-pseudomonal
IV
Poor lung and CNS. Small therapeutic window
Serious systemic sepsis inc pseudomonas, anti-microbial synergy
Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin
Type
Spectrum
Administration route
Penetration
Clinical use
Macrolides, act on 50s ribosomes, bacteriostatic
Gram +ve, atypical pneumoniae
Oral, IV
Well distibuted, NOT CNS
Drug of choice in atypical agent, STIs, penicillin allergy
Linezolid
Type
Spectrum
Administration route
Penetration
Clinical use
Oxazolidinones, act on 50s ribosomes, bacteriostatic
Gram +ve
Oral, IV
Wide distribution, including CNS and bone
Resistant G+ve, MRSA, VRSA, VRE
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
Type
Spectrum
Administration route
Penetration
Clinical use
Quinolones, inhibits DNA gyrase
Gram +ve (staph not strep) and Gram -ve, anti-pseudomonal
Oral, IV
Most tissues including meninges
Serious intra abdominal and UTIs. DO NOT USE FOR PNEUMONIA as no action on S. pneumoniae
Sulphonamides, diaminopyridine
Type
Clinical uses
Antifolates, block folate synthesis pathway of bacteria
Sulphonamides e.g. co-trimoxazole for UTIs, nocardiosis
Diaminopyridine e.g. trimethoprim for UTIs..
