Cytokines List

Question 1

IFN alpha and beta (type 1 IFNs)

Secreted by

Action

Answer 1

Alpha from infected WBC, beta from infected fibroblasts

Change cells to virally resistant state, increase HLA class I

Question 2

IL1

Secreted by

Action

Answer 2

Macrophages IRT damage.

Endo/paracrine effect on other macrophages. Inflammatory mediator

Question 3

IL2

Secreted by

Action

Answer 3

CD8 and CD4 Th1

Auto/paracrine effect on these T cells promoting activation and apoptosis

Question 4

IL4

Secreted by

Action

Answer 4

CD4 Th2 T cells

Auto/paracrine for CD4 Th2 -> activate. Also activated and switches B cells

Question 5

IL5

Secreted by

Action

Answer 5

CD4 Th2 T cells

Activation and class switching of B cells. Eosinophil activation.

Question 6

IL6

Secreted by

Action

Answer 6

From many cells (IS, CT etc.) IRT damage

Maturation and switching of B cells. Differentiation of T cells to Th17. Secretion of CRP

Question 7

IL12

Secreted by

Action

Answer 7

Dendritic cells

Paracrine effect on CD4 T cells -> Th1 subset

Question 8

IL17

Secreted by

Action

Answer 8

CD4 Th17 T cells

Activates endothelial cells and phagocytes. Chemotactic

Question 9

IL23

Secreted by

Action

Answer 9

Dendritic cells

Paracrine effect on CD4 T cells -> Th17 subset

Question 10

IFN gamma (type 2 IFN)

Secreted by

Action

Answer 10

CD4 Th1 T cells, CD8 T cells, NK cells

Induces antiviral state, upregulates class I and II HLA expression, MAIN MACROPHAGE ACTIVATING FACTOR

Question 11

TNF alpha and beta

Secreted by

Action

Answer 11

Alpha from macrophages and dendritic cells, beta from T cells: CD4 Th1, CD8

Induce apoptosis in virally infected and neoplastic cells, paracrine effect on other macropages. Shock, cachexia

Question 12

Chemokines

Secreted by

Action

Answer 12

IS and CT IRT activation and damage.

Endothelial activation, chemotaxis, phagocytic activation.

Question 13

Describe the action of these other inflammatory mediators:

Prostaglandins

Leukotrienes

Histamine

NO

Answer 13

Lipid compounds, regulate inflammation

Produced in leukocytes by the oxidation of arachidonic acid and fatty acid. Use lipid signaling to convey information to regulate immune responses.

Produced by basophils and mast cells found in nearby CT, increases permeability of capillaries to WBC and some proteins, to allow them to engage pathogens in the infected tissues.

Macrophages produce nitric oxide to kill invading bacteria.