PBL 3 Flashcards
what organ does the pancreas lie deep to?
deep to the stomach
what parts of the pancreas are retroperitoneal?
All of pancreas is retroperitoneal except for its tail.
what 5 parts is the pancreas composed of?
o Uncinate process o Head – lies within the C shaped concavity of the duodenum o Neck o Body o Tail
describe the uncinate process
Is a hook-like projection that arises from the lower part of the head. It extends medially to lie beneath the body of the pancreas
what do the acini (berry-like cluster of cells ) drain into?
drain into the centrally running main pancreatic duct.
what is the ampulla of vater?
sac like enlargement (of a duct) formed by union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct
where does the ampulla of vater open into the duodenum?
at the major duodenal papilla in the descending part of the duodenum
what surrounds the ampulla of vater?
the sphincter of Oddi - this is a collection of smooth muscle which controls the entry of secretions into duodenum.
what is minor duodenal papilla?
this is the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct into the descending second section of the duodenum.
what is the accessory pancreatic duct also called? does everyone have one?
duct of Santorini
no, only found in around 10% of people
what percentage of the pancreas is made up of exocrine function
Approximately 99% of the specialized cells of the pancreas
what are acinar cells? what shape are they and is found abundantly in them?
these are the secretory exocrine cells of the pancreas
they are pyramidal shaped cells, with abundant rough ER.
what are acini and what type of epithelium are they lined with?
acini are berry-like clusters of acinar cells that are lined with simple cuboidal epithelium.
what is the function of acinar cells?
to produce digestive enzymes. They travel down the pancreatic duct into the bile duct and are activated when they enter the duodenum.
what are ductal cells? what is their function? what stimulates them?
cells that line the pancreatic duct
They are responsible for secreting bicarbonate ions
They are stimulated by the hormone secretin
what is the endocrine portion of the pancreas known as?
the Islet of Langerhans
what cells are found in the Islet of Langerhans and what is their role?
Alpha cells – secrete glucagon
Beta cells – secrete insulin
Delta cells – secrete somatostatin
what is the arterial supply of the pancreas?
pancreatic branches of the splenic artery
what is the additional arterial supply to the head of the pancreas?
superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
what is the origin of the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries?
Superior = branch of gastroduodenal artery. Inferior = branch of Superior mesenteric artery.
what is the venous drainage of the pancreas?
Mainly splenic vein
what does the splenic vein merge with?
merges with the Superior mesenteric branches of the hepatic portal vein
what is the role of the small intestine?
It is the primary site of digestion and absorption of nutrients
describe features of the duodenum
primary site of chemical digestions using enzymes
Shortest part of SI (20 cm)
Contains Brunner’s glands which secrete alkali secretions
describe features of the jejunum
absorption of carbohydrates and proteins
has longer villi
describe role of ileum
absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts and other unabsorbed products of digestion