PBL 1 Flashcards
What region of the stomach is the cardia?
point where the oesophagus connects to the stomach and through which food passes into the stomach
What shape is the fundus and whereabouts in the stomach is it ?
dome shaped, upper region of stomach, above and to the left of the cardia
what is the main part of the stomach called?
Body
What shape is the pylorus and what does it do?
funnel shaped, connects the stomach to the duodenum
Pyloric antrum: BLANK end of pylorus which connects to BLANK
Pyloric canal – BLANK end of pylorus which connects to BLANK
Pyloric antrum – wider end of pylorus which connects to body of the stomach
Pyloric canal – narrower end of pylorus which connects to duodenum
What is the pyloric sphincter? what does it do?
smooth muscle which controls emptying/flow of chyme from stomach to SI
What are rugae and what do they allow the stomach to do?
They are folds in the stomach
They allow the stomach to stretch to accommodate large meals
What are the main histological layers of the stomach including plexuses
Mucosa Submucosa - - - SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS - - - Muscularis externa - - - MYENTERIC PLEXUS - - - Serosa
what are the divisions of the mucosal layer of the stomach and what type of epithelium is found ?
Epithelium - simple columnar epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis Mucosae
What is the role of the muscularis mucosae in the stomach?
thin layer of smooth muscle that contracts and helps break down food
function of surface mucus cells
secrete protective, thick alkaline mucus which provides lubrication and protects from acidic HCl
function of parietal cells and where they’re found?
Fundus/body
Secretes HCl and intrinsic factor
List the functions of Hcl
- converts pepsinogen into pepsin
- connective tissue and muscle fibre breakdown
- Denatures protein
- Barrier immunity from harmful bacteria/microbes
What is the function of intrinsic factor ?
needed for vitamin B12 absorption
What is the function of chief cells?
Secrete pepsinogen
What is pepsinogen and its function?
precursor of pepsin
Breaks down protein into peptides and amino acids
Where are G cells found and what is their function
Antrum
Secrete the hormone Gastrin
Function of gastrin?
stimulates secretion of gastric acid
What is the function of mucus neck cells? where are they found?
secrete thin, acidic mucus
fundus/body
how do mucus neck cells differ from surface mucus cells
Mucus neck: acidic
Surface mucous: alkaline
What do ECL cells secrete?
Histamine
What do D cells secrete?
Somatostatin
How many layers of muscle does the musculAris externa of the stomach have? What are they in order From inner to outer?
3
Inner to outer:
Oblique, circular, longitudinal
between what muscle layers is the myenteric plexus found?
Between circular and longitudinal
The portion of the serosa covering the stomach is known as ?
visceral peritoneum
At the lesser curvature of the stomach, the visceral peritoneum extends upwards to the liver as the _______?
lesser omentum
At the greater curvature of the stomach, the visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach like an apron is known as_______?
greater omentum
Where are Brunner’s glands found and what is their role?
Duodenum
They secrete alkaline mucus which neutralises the gastric acid in chyme
What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?
superior, descending, horizontal and ascending
in which part of the duodenum is the duodenal bulb found? what is the duodenal bulb the common site for?
superior
Duodenal ulcerations