Pax Romana Flashcards
In the late 18th century the English historian Edward ___ dubbed the stability and relative peace within the empire that ___ had created the ___ Romana.
Gibbon, Augustus, pax
During this time the Roman emperor Hadrian built a wall in ___, someof which still stands today.
England
The Roman system of roads grew to ___ miles, making it longer than the interstate highway system in the U.S. - some of the roads are still used today.
50k
The city of Rome had a population of over a ___ people and may have been the largest city in the world.
million
Most people in Rome lived in shoddily constructed houses, and the Emperor’s kept the peace by providing free ___, ___ and ___.
oil, wine, grain
They entertained the masses with gladiatorial ___
combats
The Romans were even more addicted to ___ racing than to gladiatorial shows.
chariot
The expansion of trade during the pax Romana made the Roman Empire an ___ as well as political force.
economicv
Egypt produced tons of ___ that fed the Roman populace
wheat
___ was still a major commodity - which came from the East - in return Romans traded ___, ___
Silk, glassware, gems, slaves
Word went back to China that Romans were wealthy, __ and strikingly similar to the Chinese.
tall
During the reign of ___ in the Roman province of ___, Jesus of Nazareth ___, attracted a following and was executed on the order of a Roman prefect named ___,
Tiberius, Judea, preached, Pontius Pilate
The life of Jesus took place in a context in which some Jews were Zealots, who encouraged armed rebellion against ___ rule and in which many Jews believed that a final struggle was near that would lead to the coming of a savior or ___.
Roman, Messiah
The ___ belief was an old one among Jews.
apolalyptic
The term ___ refer to all those who practiced religions other than ___ or ___.
pagan, Judaism, Christianity
There were also mystery religions that promised life after ___.
death
Into this climate came Jesus of ___,whose ministry began when he was about ___.
Nazareth, thirty
Like Socrates and Buddha, Jesus left no ___, and the principle evidence for his life and deeds are the four ___.
writings, gospels
The term gospel means
Good News
The textbook describes these Gospels as records of Jesus’ ___, but also claims that they were not meant to be ___, and argues that there are discrepancies among the four accounts.
teachings, biographies
To this day some see Jesus as a great moral ___ (Thomas Jefferson), some as a ___ (Islam’s view), and many see him as the son of ___, who ___ from the dead, and is himself ___. (Christian view)
teacher, prophet, God, rose, divine
The textbook claims that Jesus’ major deviation from orthodoxy was his insistence that he taught in his own ___.
name
To avert riot and bloodshed ___ condemned Jesus to death.
Pilate
Soon after, some of Jesus’ followers ___ that he had risen from the dead.
claimed
The catalyst in the spread of Jesus’ teachings was __ of Tarsus, a ___ Jew who was comfortable in both the ___ and ___ worlds.
Paul, Hellenized, Roman, Jewish
Paul was the most important figure for changing Christianity from a ___ sect into a separate ___.
Jewish religion
Paul urged Jews to include ___ in the faith and this is what set Christianity on its way to becoming a world religion.
Gentiles
Christianity offered its adherents ___.
immortality
Christians often called one another ___ and ___.
brother, sister.
Some Roman officials considered the early Christians subversive because they objected the the cult of the ___.
Emperor
The Roman Emperor ___ organized persecution of Christians
Nero
Christianity became more established, with buildings and a ___ of officials modeled of those of the ___ Empire.
hierarchy
Officials with jurisdiction over a certain area became known as___ who asserted that they had the right to determine the correct ___ of Christian thought.
Bishop, interpretation
Highly educated individuals developed complex theological interpretations of issues that were not clear in ___, such as how Jesus could be both ___ and ___. Given these changes, Christianity became more ___ in the 2nd century with power more ___.
scripture, divine, human, formal, centralized
During the crisis of the 3rd century, the emperors ___ and ___ tried to repair the damage.
Diocletian, Constantine
Diocletian recognized that the empire had become too large, so in ___ AD he split the Roman Empire into a ___ and ___ half.
293, eastern, western
Constantine eventually gained control over the whole empire, but ruled from the ___, where he established a new capital that was soon called ___.
East, Constantinople
In 476 AD, a German chieftain deposed the Roman emperor in the West - this date marks the official end of the roman ___ in the West - it survived as the ___ Empire in the East
Empire, Byzantine
Constantine ordered toleration of all religions in the Edict of ___ in 313 AD; ___ became a public holiday.
Milan, Sunday
In 380 AD Theodosius made ___ the official religion of the empire.
Christianity
In Greek there is a word for the concept of ___ time and the concept of the ___ time.
measured, right
Christians believe that in Jesus ___ time became the ___ time.
measure, right
Even the measure of time is divided into ___and ___.
BC, AD
Christianity is not a philosophy or set of rituals, instead it is the story of what God has done in ___ and ___.
space and time
Christians believe that God entered human history in the form of Jesus - in theological terms this is known as the ___.
incarnation
Christianity had a rapid rise from being a small ___ to a significant force by the end of the first century.
sect
Christianity developed ina context that included ___, ___ and ___ elements.
Hebrew, Greek and Latin
The great early interpreter of Christianity was the Apostle ___, whose conversion is recorded in Acts 6.
Paul
Paul’s letters might be the first written Christian documents and he argued that non-Jews could become Christians without becoming Jews first, as ___ would replace ___.
baptism, circumcision
The Hebrew context was important because it provided the (1) language of the day, ___ (2) ___, which had created a mostly uniform culture in the Mediterranean area (3) a rich philosophical traditions since ___ and ___ ideas had been around for 400 years
Koine, Hellenism, Plato, Aristotle
Christianity came on the scene during the Pax ___ which meant that its message could be spread along the Roman roads and sea routes
Romana
Early Christians were persecuted because they were a threat to the prevailing religious ___ and because the refused to worship the ___.
pluralism, emperors
It was said that the ___ of martyrs became the seed of the ___.
blood, church
In 312 AD, Constantine converted to Christianity and historians debate whether his conversion was the result of ___ or ___ expediency.
divine intervention, political
By 313 AD Christianity was ___ and persecution ended, it was a lot easier to be a christian and the movement lost much of its zeal, this is sometimes referred to as the ____
legal, Constantine Shift
As the early Christian Church emerged it developed (1) a sense of ___ and (2) a new form of spirituality known as ___.
history, monasticism
St. Anthony practiced ___monasticism.
eremitic
Christians were quickly required to define and defend their beliefs and so (3) Classic ___ was agreed upon in the midst of great debate.
Doctrine
Creedal type statements can be found in Paul’s letters, but the first official creed was the ___ Creed.
Apostle’s
A major point of discussion was the nature of Christ. ___ argued that Jesus was a creature of God, while ____ maintained that Jesus was ___ and ___.
Arius, Athanasius, God, man
Constantine called for a meeting and it was known as the Council of ___, with the ___ Creed as its legacy: Christ was proclaimed ___ and ___ Athanasius had prevailed.
Nicea, Niceen, God, Man
The early synthesizer of Christian thought was ___
Augustine
Augustine’s theology stressed God’s power and the impact of ___ on human nature.
original sin
Two of Augustine’s most famous books are ___ and the ____
The Confessions, City of God
