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Ancient & Medieval World Cultures > Egypt > Flashcards

Egypt Flashcards

1
Q

Egyptian civilization appeared around ______ years ago.

A

5000

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2
Q

Two keys to understanding the culture of ancient Egypt include a strong sense of __________ and a drive to overcome time and __________.

A

solidarity, death

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3
Q

The _______ River is _______ miles long. It flows north into the Mediterranean Sea.

A

Nile, 600

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4
Q

The Nile River shaped Egyptian civilization and that it helped make the Egyptian civilization _______, whereas Mesopotamian civilizations tended to be more ________.

A

Optimistic, Pesimistic

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5
Q

King _____ was an early unifier of Egypt.

A

Narmer.

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6
Q

According to Michael Wood, in what sense are we still “Bronze Age: people.

A

We still struggle w/ many of the same questions

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7
Q

Wood claims that the three themes of Egyptian history are

A

1) Centralized Power
2) Royal rituals
3) Cult of the dead

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8
Q

The first pyramids were built in ______ BCE.

A

2500

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9
Q

For a long time it was believed that the pyramids were built by someone other than the Egyptians or by _____ labor, but the most recent research claims they were built by a highly trained _________ workforce and this has become a source of pride for contemporary Egyptians.

A

slave, Egyptian

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10
Q

When the Greek historian ________ visited Egypt in the 450s BCE, the pyramids were already around 2000 years old. Herodotus was told it took ________ years and the labor of ___________ workers to build the pyramids.

A

Herodotus, 20; 100,000

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11
Q

Wood claims that the pyramids were built to serve a s a staircase pharaohs could use to ascend into ______.

A

heaven

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12
Q

In as clear a case of __________ as history affords, pagan societies had political systems that reflected these ideas, including elaborate public ceremonials, sacrifices, and priestly offices.

A

theological determinism

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13
Q

The foremost job of the political ruler was to ______ with and appease the ________ in the natural order, to integrate society and _______, in Henri Frankfort’s terminology.

A

communicate, deities

nature

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14
Q

The king or magistrate was the leader in a religious _____, which made the state the vital linkage between humanity and the ______. The political effect of this arrangement was immense.

A

cult, gods

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15
Q

Evans is contending that an ancient civilization, like Egyptian civilization, was a __________and had more in common with modern ________ regimes than with contemporary western society.

A

theocracy,

totalitarian

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16
Q

It was the religious ________ of the Egyptians that served as the driving force in their culture - many of their resources were used to promote their cult of the dead.

A

ideology

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17
Q

The work force of Egypt was regulated so that ______ could be used to grow the crops required to sustain that civilization.

A

irrigation

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18
Q

The Egyptian myth of the need for a ______ still informs much of the modern world. Example of contemporary ruler?

A

strong ruler

Putan - people like the idea of a ruler that is re-asserting Russian power.

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19
Q

In the film, Wood travels to ________ and visits a temple that celebrates the resurrection of ___________, who was brought back to life by his wife _______.

A

Abydos, Osiris, Isis

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20
Q

_____ was considered to be the offspring of Osiris and Iris.

A

Horus

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21
Q

The pharaoh was considered to be the incarnation of Horus, with the ___________ as his symbol.

A

Falcon

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22
Q

Indigenous Egyptian religion was characterized by themes of ________, _________ & _______ prior to Christianity.

A

Death, resurrection and incarnation

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23
Q

The textbook refers to Egyptian civilization as “a more cohesive _______” than those that developed in Mesopotamia.

A

state

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24
Q

A Greek historian name ____________ referred to Egypt as the gift of the __________.

A

Herodotus, Nile

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25
Q

Somehow the idea developed that a single individual, a ______ was responsible for the rise and fall of the Nile.

A

King

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26
Q

The king came to be viewed as a descendant of the ______ and thus a ______himself.

A

gods, god

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27
Q

The focal point of religious and political life in the Old Kingdom was the _______ who commanded the ___, _______ & _________ of Egypt.

A

king

wealth, resources & people

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28
Q

During the New Kingdom the word ____ came to be used for the king, originally it meant “ great _____”

A

Pharaoh

house

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29
Q

The “great house’ that a king was buried in became known as a _______.

A

Pyramid

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30
Q

The Egyptians were ______, which means they worshiped many _____.

A

polytheist, gods

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31
Q

Among the Egyptian Gods was the sun-god ___, the creator of life. Later dynasties worshiped a different sun-god, _____ whom they described as creating the entire cosmos by his thoughts - Eventually they combined them into one god _____

A

Ra
Amon
Amon-Ra

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32
Q

The Egyptians may have been the first people to develop views of an afterlife, as described in their Book of the _____

A

Dead

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33
Q

Essential Egyptian religious beliefs claimed that the soul left the body after death. A god named ______ died each year and was then brought back to life by his wife ___ when the Nile flooded.

A

Osiris

Isis

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34
Q

Egyptian religious beliefs developed to explain____

A

how and why the Nile flooded

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35
Q

Mummification was essential so Osiris was assisted by ________, the jackal-headed god of mummification

A

Anubis

36
Q

Egyptian scribes created two writing systems - _________for engraving important religious or political texts on stone and __________for documents of daily life.

A

Hieroglyphics, hieratic

37
Q

What did the majority of the Egyptian people do June - October

A

Pharaoh’s buildings and tasks. When the water began to recede they diverted water into ponds for future irrigation and began planting wheat and barley

38
Q

October - February

A

Planted and tended crops

39
Q

February - next flood

A

Harvested crops

40
Q

It used to be believed that slaves built the pyramids, but recent research indicates that most people who built the pyramids were ______for their work.

A

paid

41
Q

What kinds of rights did many “ordinary” women have in Egyptian society?

A

Considerable economic and legal rights. They could own land, operate businesses and testify in court.

42
Q

Around 1800 BCE, an outside group known as the ____ entered Egypt as migrants.

A

Hykos

43
Q

The Hykos began to worship Egyptian deities and brought with them ___ tools, which ushered Egypt in the __________ Age

A

Bronze

44
Q

By the time of the New Kingdom (1570 BCE), Egypt had enormous wealth, conscious ______ and a greater sense of ________.

A

imperialism, insecurity

45
Q

A woman named ________ was one of the few female pharaohs.

A

Hatshepsut

46
Q

A pharaoh named ____tried to introduce worship of a new sun-god named ____ but this did not catch on as people preferred to worship the older gods and the gods of their particular regions.

A

Akhenaton

Aten

47
Q

Among the migrating groups that spoke an Indo-European language was a group known as the ______

A

Hittites

48
Q

Around ____ BCE, Hittite kings began to conquer more territory and came into conflict with the Egyptians.

A

1600

49
Q

A pharaoh name ______ secured a peace treaty with the Hittites that was written in _used by the Egyptians and ________used by the Hittites.

A

Ramesses II, Hieroglyphics and Cuneiform

50
Q

When the “Sea Peoples” Mounted attacks and the Assyrians expanded, the Bronze age came to end around _______ BCE

A

1200

51
Q

A new material was smelted for the first time in Anatolia as early as 2500 BCE - it was known as ____

A

Iron

52
Q

Iron was used for weaponry around the year ________ BCE and so the Iron Age began

A

1100

53
Q

Along the Mediterranean coast of modern Lebanon, prosperous commercial centers were established at __, ______ and ______.

A

Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos

54
Q

The _____, which means “purple people”, were master _____ and their most valuable products were purple and blue ______.

A

Phoenicians, Shipbuilders, textiles

55
Q

The Phoenicians introduced ______growing, which led to an increase in the amount of ___ that was available for consumption and trade.

A

grape, wine

56
Q

In the 9th century BCE the Phoenicians founded the city of _______.

A

Carthage.

57
Q

The Phoenicians overwhelming cultural achievement was the spread of a completely phonetic system of _________ - that was based on an ______.

A

writing, alphabet

58
Q

The Phoenician alphabet vastly simplified ____ & _______ and spread among the common people as a practical means of __________ and _________.

A

reading and writing

record keeping and communication

59
Q

IN 325 BCE, ___ conquered Egypt and in the process he brought elements of Greek civilization to Egypt.

A

Alexander the Great

60
Q

Alexander the Great founded the city of ___ at the mouth of the Nile.

A

Alexandria

61
Q

The mingling of Greek ideas with Middle Eastern ideas produced what came to be known as ___ culture.

A

Hellenistic

62
Q

Alexandria was the leading Hellenistic city and for a time had the largest ___ in the world.

A

library

63
Q

After Alexander the Great, the next wave of civilization to influence Egypt was by the ___ Empire.

A

Roman

64
Q

_____ first developed in Egypt.

A

monasticism (to be monk like - living in a monastery)

65
Q

In the attempt to replace indigenous Egyptian religions with ____, many of the symbols of the indigenous religions were destroyed.

A

Christianity

66
Q

As was the case with Mesopotamia, in the 7th century, the religion of ___ became the dominant faith in Egypt.

A

Islam

67
Q

Wood observes that organized ___ were created by elites who used the structure of organized religion to ___ the masses.

A

religion, control

68
Q

The explanation the organized religion was used to control the masses was popularized by Karl ___ in the 19th century.

A

Marx

69
Q

Judaism, Christianity and Islam all reject this interpretation and claim to be religions based on ___

A

revelation.

70
Q

The film ends by contending that despite the efforts of Christianity and Islam to replace indigenous Egyptian religion, many Egyptians still worship the local ___.

A

gods

71
Q

The most recent archaeological activity involved the territory around the greatest of Egyptian pyramids where the tomb of an ___ (___ of the city)___ was opened.

A

overseer, mayor

72
Q

Centuries after the pyramids were build the Greeks claimed the the pyramids were built by a ___army that numbered 100,000.

A

slave

73
Q

Examination of the bones of the workers in Egypt has revealed that the inhabitants of the area around the pyramids were about evenly divided between ___ and ___, and the remains of children have also been discovered.

A

male and female

74
Q

There is indication the the people who built the pyramids were inhabitants of a worker’s ___.

A

village

75
Q

Experts point out that the notion of “___” work may have originated with the Egyptians because their skeletons bare witness to how physical the labor must have been.

A

back breaking

76
Q

The pyramids were built before the Egyptians knew about the ___ or ___.

A

wheel, pulley

77
Q

The pyramids of Egypt were the tallest buildings in the world until the 20th century when the first ___ were built.

A

sky scrapers

78
Q

The workers would have needed to set a stone every two-three ___, seven ___ a week for three ___ in order to build a pyramid before the pharaoh died.

A

minutes, days, decades

79
Q

The Egyptians had enough medical expertise to mend bones and perform basic ___, such as ___. It is doubtful that slaves would have received this type of medical care.

A

surgery, amputation

80
Q

The diets of the workers included bread, beef and ___ from the Nile.

A

fish

81
Q

The Egyptians were fed like ___ athletes in a large “cafeteria”

A

Olympic

82
Q

It is now suggested that it took ___ workers to build a pyramid.

A

25,000

83
Q

Graffiti left behind in the pyramids suggest that the workers worked in “gangs” known as ___.

A

files

84
Q

The Egyptians had created the world’s first ___ city.

A

industrial

85
Q

Another theory claimed that the Egyptians could never have built the pyramids, and instead they were constructed by a lost ___.

A

civilization

Ancient & Medieval World Cultures (17 decks)

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