China

Question 1

One reason we should learn about Chinese civilization is that in today’s world around ___% of the world’s population lives in China

Answer 1

25

Question 2

As we have learned, all the primary civilizations developed along rivers, and in China the two key rivers are the ___ and the ___.

Answer 2

Yellow, Yanzi

Question 3

Which key values of Chinese civilization are mentioned by Wood, and in another column, list some of the Western counterparts:

Answer 3

Moral orders sustained by virtue
harmony on earth
ritual reverence for ancestors
control in direction

Question 4

In Chinese the word for ___ means civilization.

Answer 4

writing

Question 5

The first great “path” of Chinese civilization is a philosophy developed by ___.

Answer 5

Confucious

Question 6

Confucius lived from ___ to ___ B.C.

Answer 6

551, 479

Question 7

Confucius maintained that the ideal state would feature a ___ order, sustained with ___ (defined as ___).He also said that people must be taught how to be ___.

Answer 7

moral, virtue, concern for others, good

Question 8

There is no deity in Confucianism, it is not a ___.

Answer 8

religion

Question 9

The U.S. Constitution is 225 years old - Confucius lived ___ years ago,.

Answer 9

2500

Question 10

The second great “path” of Chinese civilization is religion known as ___.

Answer 10

Buddhismq

Question 11

Buddhism came to China from the country of ___ and it tends to emphasize the principles of ___ and detachment from the ___ world.

Answer 11

India, self-renunciation, material

Question 12

During the 11th century A.D. the ___dynasty ruled during China’s ___ Age. It was during this time that knowledge of ___ was required to enter government service, and inventions appeared such as:

Answer 12

Sung, Golden, Confucianism; paper money, compass, movable type

Question 13

In the 13th century a Venetian named ___ visited China. He admired many aspects of Chinese civilization and said that the Chinese could have conquered the ___ if they had wanted to.

Answer 13

Marco Polo, world

Question 14

___ later read Marco Polo’s journals and they inspired his explorations in the 1400s.

Answer 14

Columbus

Question 15

In the 15th century the ___ Dynasty made a conscious decision to cancel voyages of ___ and made substantial additions to the Great ___.

Answer 15

Ming, exploration, Wall

Question 16

The Chinese “missed” ___/____ revolutions of the 18th century.

Answer 16

Copernical/Scientific

Question 17

In the 19th century Western countries suffered from a ___ deficit with China.

Answer 17

trade

Question 18

Great Britain decided to mass produce ___ and flood Chinese markets with the lower priced drug.

Answer 18

Opium

Question 19

When China objected the result was the ___ wars that China lost in 1842.

Answer 19

Opium

Question 20

China was forced to open itself to western ___ and Great Britain took possession of ___.

Answer 20

trade, Hong Kong

Question 21

From the Chinese perspective, what is the mandate of Heaven?

Answer 21

Regime change: rulers/dynasties have authority to rule as long as they rule in the interests of people => Chinese version of social contract

Question 22

In comparison to India and the Middle East, China developed in relative ___.

Answer 22

isolation

Question 23

Most importantly, China’s isolation had an impact on the ___ writing system that they developed.

Answer 23

logographic

Question 24

China occupies much of the ___zone in terms of climate , and the northern region is drained by the ___ River, and the dominant soil is called ___ (Sioux City, Iowa is situated along hills of it as well.)

Answer 24

Temperate, Yellow, Loess

Question 25

The ___ River is the dominant feature of South China

Answer 25

Yangzi

Question 26

From about 10,000 BC ___ was practiced in China, and by 5,000 BC Neolithic ___ ___ started to appear.

Answer 26

agriculture, village settlements.

Question 27

During this Neolithic period a system of ___ aimed at communicating with ancestors or gods based on interpreting cracks induced by heat in cattle bones developed.

Answer 27

divination

Question 28

From 1500 to 1050 BC the ___ Dynasty appeared in China.

Answer 28

Shang

Question 29

The best excavated city of the Shang dynasty is ___.

Answer 29

Anyang

Question 30

Shang kings were successful warriors, but they also served as the high ___ who offered sacrifices to royal ___, who could ___with the god Di.

Answer 30

priests, ancestors, intervene

Question 31

The method of communicating with ancestors was ___associated with the cracks of on oracle bones.

Answer 31

divination

Question 32

Shang kings were ritually ___ underground.

Answer 32

buried

Question 33

Human beings were ___ and/or ___ at many tombs.

Answer 33

buried, sacraficed

Question 34

___ was already a major element in Chinese civilization by 1200 BC.

Answer 34

Writing

Question 35

The Chinese script was ___ meaning that each ___was represented by a single ___.

Answer 35

logographic, word, symbol

Question 36

The effort required to gain full mastery of reading and writing added to the ___ of education.

Answer 36

prestige

Question 37

Chinese script played a large role in holding China together and fostering a sense of ___ to the past.

Answer 37

connection

Question 38

From 12050 to 256 B.C. the ___ Dynasty ruled China.

Answer 38

Zhou.

Question 39

During the Zhou Dynasty, according to the Book of ___, a theory of government evolved in which Heaven gave the King a ___ to rule only as long as he ruled in the interests of the people.

Answer 39

Documents, mandate

Question 40

The Mandate of ___ helped explain why rulers and dynasties sometimes had to be deposed.

Answer 40

Heaven

Question 41

Glimpses of social life during the Zhou Dynasty can be found in the Book of ___.

Answer 41

Songs.

Question 42

During the Warring States Period, a new weapon called the ___was invented around 350 BC and the introduction of ___ in this period also reduced the need for a chariot-riding aristocracy.

Answer 42

crossbow, cavalry

Question 43

One of the most famous treatises on warfare cam from the Zhou period and it was known as The Art of ___ by Sun Wu

Answer 43

War

Question 44

Sun Wu claimed that ___ was a worthless virtue that leads to needless ___; arguing that the entire army had to follow the orders of the commanders without ___ them.

Answer 44

heroism, deaths, questioning

Question 45

The greatest of all ancient Chinese philosophers was a man named ___ who lived from 551 - 479 BCE.

Answer 45

Confucius

Question 46

The thrust of Confucian thought was ___ rather than theoretical or metaphysical.

Answer 46

ethical

Question 47

To Confucius a gentleman was a man of ___ cultivation rather than a man of noble birth.

Answer 47

moral

Question 48

Confucian ___ ideals shaped Chinese civilization into the twentieth century, and the Confucian vision provided the ___ basis for the Chinese family into modern times.

Answer 48

political, moral

Question 49

Daoists focused on the whole natural order identified as the ___ or Dao.

Answer 49

way

Question 50

How is Yin defined?

Answer 50

feminine, dark receptive, yielding, negative and weak

Question 51

How is Yang defined

Answer 51

masculine, bright, assertive, creative, positive, and strong

Question 52

The Daoists believed that unwanted things happen when the balance between ___ and ___ gets disturbed.

Answer 52

yin, Yang

Question 53

Between 800 and 1400, AD, East Asia was the most ___ region of the world.

Answer 53

advanced

Question 54

In the Song Period, the principle that the government should be in the hands of highly educated ___ officials became well-established.

Answer 54

scholar

Question 55

A group known as the ___ would conquer China in 1279, they ruled China at the time of ___ travels.

Answer 55

Mongols, Marco Polo

Question 56

Theory of Dynastic cycle

Answer 56

Vigor to growth => subsequent decline => administrators avoid paying taxes and become “well-off” => cutting state revenue

Question 57

In 742 AD, China’s population was still approximately ___ million, but with the expansion of ___ cultivation , the food supply increased and China’s population reached ___ million by 1100 AD

Answer 57

50, wet-field rice, 100

Question 58

In the Song Period, foreign trade flourished and important to oceangoing travel was the perfection of the ___.

Answer 58

compass

Question 59

Marco Polo observed city life in Hangzhou, which had ___ marketplaces where __ to ___ thousand people would shop on any given day.

Answer 59

10, 40, 50

Question 60

The Song and Yuan Dynasties ruled China from ___ AD to ___ AD

Answer 60

960, 1368

Question 61

During the Song period an ___ system was used to select officials and in the 11th century ___ type was invented.

Answer 61

examination, movable

Question 62

One popular literary innovation was the ___ which appeared at least five centuries before its European counterpart.

Answer 62

Encyclopedia

Question 63

The 11th and 12th centuries a revival of Confucian thinking known as ___-Confucianism took place.

Answer 63

Neo

Question 64

Women tended to marry between the ages of ___ and ___ and it was arranged by the parents.

Answer 64

16, 20

Question 65

The young bride’s first priority was to try to win over her ___ since everyone knew that they were hard to ___.

Answer 65

mother-in-law, please