Pavlovian Conditioning Flashcards
Gibbs (1978)
Rabbit eye blink
pair shock with tone
Tone=blink
Colwill and Motzin (1994)
Rat conditioning
tone vs light
tone-food-illness (devalued) weaker response to light
Holland (1990)
Final test stage gave water
US not poisoned= injestive response
US poisoned= aversive respone
Holland and Ross (1981)
CS precedes US
Light-tone-food
Responses usually to light replaced by tone
Light gives memory of tone which is closer to food so initiates a biger response
Rizley and Rescorla (1972)
Sensory preconditioning
light-tone
tone- shock
Light=CR fear as associate with tone
Rescorla (1967)
Control groups important as changes could be due to familiarity
Mackintosh (1976)
Effect of overshadowing with 2 CS
Loud noise and light doesnt effect
Quiet noise and light does effect
More salient CS takes prominence
Kamin (1969)
If pair noise + shock then noise, light + shock less reaction than just noise + shock
Kehoe (1994)
CR initially low as CS novel
then rapid increase followed by plateau
If 2 CS then CR stronger- culmative effect
Annau and Kamin (1961)
conditioned suppression in rats
Confirmed Rescorla-Wagner 2 ways:
1, reducing magnitude slows conditioning (restrict upside so slowed development to reach
2, reducing magnitude reduces overall level of conditioning
Kamin and Schaub (1963)
conditioned suppression in rats
Faster conditioning with loud noise
No change in overall conditioning (upside)
Pearce (1982)
inhibition training- e.g if light predicts no shock from tone then lower CR
Retardation test- if pain inhibited by US (light) then slower learning
Summation test- present inhibitory stimulus with conditioned excitor
Lubow (1989)
latent inhibition problems for Rescorla-Wagner
pre-exposure to CS decreases CS learning
Klosterhalfen (2005)
showed latent inhibition in humans
Dickinson (1976)
Rescorla-Wagner criticism- Fails to explain reduction US in stage 2 blocking
Pearce (1987)
Criticism Rescorla-Wagner- incomplete account discriminant and configural learning
Bovjberg (1992)
showed chemo=US for nausea for humans with novel drink before
Stockhorst (1998)
novel drink
acidic drink overshadows normal drink in sickness association
Rescorla-Wagner (1972)
Predict associative value CS and US
Pearce (2008)
Animal intelligence defined by adaptability
increase adaptability = increase intelligence
Cephilisation index not good for learning explanation or intelligence
Angermeier (1984)
Actually opposite of cephilisation index
Number of rewards needed before criterion biggest in humans (28)
Bolles (1971)
rats can learn to press lever for food but not to avoid shock
Shows learning depends on way tested
Bitterman (1965)
Rewards may be greater in some species
