Pavlovian Conditioning

Question 1

Gibbs (1978)

Answer 1

Rabbit eye blink
pair shock with tone
Tone=blink

Question 2

Colwill and Motzin (1994)

Answer 2

Rat conditioning
tone vs light
tone-food-illness (devalued) weaker response to light

Question 3

Holland (1990)

Answer 3

Final test stage gave water
US not poisoned= injestive response
US poisoned= aversive respone

Question 4

Holland and Ross (1981)

Answer 4

CS precedes US
Light-tone-food
Responses usually to light replaced by tone
Light gives memory of tone which is closer to food so initiates a biger response

Question 5

Rizley and Rescorla (1972)

Answer 5

Sensory preconditioning
light-tone
tone- shock
Light=CR fear as associate with tone

Question 6

Rescorla (1967)

Answer 6

Control groups important as changes could be due to familiarity

Question 7

Mackintosh (1976)

Answer 7

Effect of overshadowing with 2 CS
Loud noise and light doesnt effect
Quiet noise and light does effect
More salient CS takes prominence

Question 8

Kamin (1969)

Answer 8

If pair noise + shock then noise, light + shock less reaction than just noise + shock

Question 9

Kehoe (1994)

Answer 9

CR initially low as CS novel
then rapid increase followed by plateau

If 2 CS then CR stronger- culmative effect

Question 10

Annau and Kamin (1961)

Answer 10

conditioned suppression in rats
Confirmed Rescorla-Wagner 2 ways:
1, reducing magnitude slows conditioning (restrict upside so slowed development to reach
2, reducing magnitude reduces overall level of conditioning

Question 11

Kamin and Schaub (1963)

Answer 11

conditioned suppression in rats
Faster conditioning with loud noise
No change in overall conditioning (upside)

Question 12

Pearce (1982)

Answer 12

inhibition training- e.g if light predicts no shock from tone then lower CR
Retardation test- if pain inhibited by US (light) then slower learning
Summation test- present inhibitory stimulus with conditioned excitor

Question 13

Lubow (1989)

Answer 13

latent inhibition problems for Rescorla-Wagner

pre-exposure to CS decreases CS learning

Question 14

Klosterhalfen (2005)

Answer 14

showed latent inhibition in humans

Question 15

Dickinson (1976)

Answer 15

Rescorla-Wagner criticism- Fails to explain reduction US in stage 2 blocking

Question 16

Pearce (1987)

Answer 16

Criticism Rescorla-Wagner- incomplete account discriminant and configural learning

Question 17

Bovjberg (1992)

Answer 17

showed chemo=US for nausea for humans with novel drink before

Question 18

Stockhorst (1998)

Answer 18

novel drink

acidic drink overshadows normal drink in sickness association

Question 19

Rescorla-Wagner (1972)

Answer 19

Predict associative value CS and US

Question 20

Pearce (2008)

Answer 20

Animal intelligence defined by adaptability
increase adaptability = increase intelligence
Cephilisation index not good for learning explanation or intelligence

Question 21

Angermeier (1984)

Answer 21

Actually opposite of cephilisation index

Number of rewards needed before criterion biggest in humans (28)

Question 22

Bolles (1971)

Answer 22

rats can learn to press lever for food but not to avoid shock
Shows learning depends on way tested

Question 23

Bitterman (1965)

Answer 23

Rewards may be greater in some species