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NSB Biweekly 2 > Pavlick- Ear > Flashcards

Pavlick- Ear Flashcards

1
Q

outer ear is responsible for _____ sound

A

conducting

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2
Q

extends from external acoustic meatus to tympanic membrane

A

outer ear

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3
Q

infection of external ear

A

otitis externa

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4
Q

otitis externa commonly caused by infection with —aerobic; motile, catalase ⊕, gram⊝
rod. Non-lactose fermenting. Oxidase⊕.
Frequently found in water. Has a grapelike odor

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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5
Q

middle ear is responsible for _____ sound

A

amplifying

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6
Q

extends from tympanic membrane to cochlea

A

middle ear

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7
Q

ossicles of middle ear

A

malleus
incus
stapes

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8
Q

inflammation of middle ear extending from Eustachian tube to nasopharynx

A

otitis media

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9
Q

otitis media is caused by mucus obstruction or infection most commonly by _____

A

S. pneumoniae

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10
Q

more common in children than adults due to angularity of pharyngotympanic tube

A

otitis media

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11
Q

overgrowth of benign squamous cells in middle ear

A

Cholesteatoma

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12
Q

in middle ear, and can cause scarring and conductive hearing loss

A

cholesteatoma

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13
Q

inner ear is responsible for ______ mechanical force into neural code

A

translating

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14
Q

contains hearing structures (organ of Corti and vestibular apparatus)

A

inner ear

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15
Q
A

cochlea

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16
Q
A

vestibular apparatus

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17
Q

located within cochlear duct filled with endolymph (A)

A

organ of corti

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18
Q

endolymph found in more _____ charged environment

A

+

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19
Q

Contains inner (B) and outer (C) hair cells which rest on the basilar membrane (D)
Tectorial membrane (E) rests on top of hair cells

A

organ of corti

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20
Q

b/t scala tympani and scala vestibuli

A

organ of corti

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21
Q

G
F

A

G: scala vestibuli
F: scala tympani

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22
Q

more - charged environment filled w/ ___

A

perilymph

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23
Q

Sound waves will propagate through fluid media in scala tympani and vestibuli; Causes basilar membrane to ____________

A

move

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24
Q

Tectorial membrane is rigid and __________________ movement

A

resists

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25
Q

sound waves cause apical specialization (stereocilia and kinocilia) to _____________________

A

deform

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26
Q

____channels located at their base are opened to allow influx which causes signaling cascade

A

ion

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27
Q

3 components of vestibular apparatus

A

utricle
saccule
semicircular canals

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28
Q

linear acceleration/gravity

A

utricle

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29
Q

vertical acceleration/gravity

A

saccule

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30
Q

angular acceleration/ movement of head

A

semicircular canals

31
Q

detects changes in a horizontal plane

32
Q

detects changes in a vertical plane

33
Q

relays angular acceleration/movement

A

semicircular canals

34
Q

Have vestibular hair cells which operate similar to auditory hair cells

35
Q

vestibular hair cells are deformed by displacement of _____ w/in gelatinous matrix

36
Q

also known as ear stones, are calcium carbonate crystals in the inner ear that help you sense balance and acceleration

37
Q

in the utricle and saccule, neurosensory area where vestibular hair cells are found

A

macula (B)

38
Q

in semicircular canals, neurosensory area where vestibular hair cells are found

A

crista ampullaris (C)

39
Q

A

40
Q

3 causes of pontocerebellar angle tumors

A

meningioma
schwannoma
neurofibromatosis type 2

41
Q
A

meningioma

42
Q
A

pontocerebellar angle tumor

43
Q

made up of antoni A w/ verocay bodies and and antoni B (hypocellular)

A

schwannoma

44
Q

vibrations (sound waves) from external environment are translated into neural code by traveling through _____

45
Q

ECOLIMA:

A

E: eight cranial nerve (hair cells)
C: cochlear nucleus
O: Olivary complex
L: lateral lemniscus
I: inferior colliculus
M: medial geniculate nucleus
A: auditory cortex

46
Q

once signals from auditory pathway enter the CNS, projections are sent ____

A

bilaterally

47
Q

main auditory pathway (contralateral)

A

cochlea
CN VIII
cochlear nuclei
olivary nuclei
lateral lemniscus
inferior colliculi
medial geniulate body
auditory cortex

48
Q

minor auditory pathway (ipsilateral)

A

cochlea
CN VIII
cochlear nuclei
olivary nuclei
lateral lemniscus
inferior colliculi
medial geniculate body

49
Q

2 categories of hearing loss

A

conductive
sensorineural

50
Q

hearing loss in outer or middle ear

A

conductive

51
Q

hearing loss that deals with inner ear or CNS pathway

A

sensorineural

52
Q

age-related loss of hair cells; starts at base of cochlea (20,000 Hz) and migrates to apex (20 Hz)
Hearing aids can help compensate for high frequencies

A

Presbycusis

53
Q

uses bone conduction of sound to help localize laterality

A

Rinne and Weber test

54
Q

test that deals with conduction

55
Q

test that deals with localization

56
Q

air > bone
midline

A

no hearing loss

57
Q

air > bone
Weber test + in normal ear

A

sensorineural

58
Q

bone > air
weber test + in affected ear

A

conductive

59
Q

amplifies sound we are receiving

A

hearing aid

60
Q

actually stimulates hair cells with a device through implanted receiver

A

cochlear implant

61
Q

Excessive exposure to sound
Ototoxic antibiotics
Chemotherapeutics (e.g., cisplatin)

A

common causes of hearing loss

62
Q

safe exposure limit

A

85 decibels/8 hrs a day

63
Q

Sensation of spinning while stationary

64
Q

most common cause of vertigo

A

BPPV (peripheral cause)

65
Q

central vertigo cause

A

brainstem lesion

66
Q

peripheral vertigo causes

A

BPPV
meniere

67
Q

Disorder characterized by episodes of vertigo triggered by changing head position (otolith displacement into semicircular canals)

A

BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)

68
Q

to diagnose BPPV

A

Dix-Hallpike maneuver

69
Q

to treat BPPV

A

Epley maneuver

70
Q

patient has ___ if + nystagmus on maneuver

71
Q

Disorder of inner ear which usually affects both balance and hearing

A

Meniere’s disease

72
Q

caused by buildup of endolymph

A

Meniere’s disease

73
Q

tinnitus
hearing loss
vertigo

A

Meniere’s disease

NSB Biweekly 2 (11 decks)

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