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NSB Biweekly 2 > Lopez- Eye > Flashcards

Lopez- Eye Flashcards

1
Q

what eye

A

patient’s L eye

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2
Q
A

diabetic retinopathy

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3
Q

caused by tiny clumps or strands of gel-like collagen fibers in vitreous humor; clumps cast shadows on retina

A

floaters

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4
Q

leading cause of blindness in working-age adults

A

diabetic retinopathy

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5
Q

risk factors:
poor glycemic control
HTN
dyslipidemia

A

diabetic retinopathy

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6
Q

in ______ diabetic retinopathy, retinal ischemia stimulates release of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)

A

proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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7
Q

due to capillary leakage and occlusion; microaneurysms and cotton wool spots and dot-blot hemorrhages seen

A

nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy

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8
Q

white, fluffy lesions on retina caused by blockage or reduced perfusion in retinal arterioles; damaging ganglion cells and accumulation of proteins in nerve fiber layer

A

cotton-wool spots

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9
Q

chronic retinal ischemia triggering VEGF overexpression; neovascularization and fibrous tissue growth (increases risk of retinal detachment)

A

proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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10
Q

microaneurysms
hemorrhage

A

nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy

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11
Q

retinal hemorrhages
cotton-wool spots
hard exudates

A

proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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12
Q
A

retinal detachment

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13
Q

Flashes of light in the peripheral field of the left eye

A

photopsia

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14
Q

Dark specks moving across his field of vision.

A

floaters

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15
Q

A progressive shadow (“curtain”) in the upper portion of his left visual field

A

field loss

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16
Q

______is the separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), leading to progressive vision loss and potential blindness if untreated

A

retinal detachment

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17
Q

a retinal tear or break referred to as ___

A

rhegma

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18
Q

due to retinal tear, fibrous tissue tungs retina off, or subretinal fluid from tumors/inflammation

A

pathophys of retinal detachment

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19
Q
A

retinal detachment

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20
Q

The detachment interrupts the connection between the retina and its blood supply (choroid), leading to ischemia and _____ death

A

photoreceptor

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21
Q
A

retinal detachment

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22
Q
A

C

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23
Q

what causes increase in VEGF during proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

chronic hyperglycemia causes capillary damage and then ischemia

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24
Q

peripheral vision loss

A

retinitis pigmentosa

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25
Q

_____ help us see at night

A

rods

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26
Q

rare genetic disorder that involves the degeneration of the retina

A

Retinitis Pigmentosa

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27
Q

Usually presents in adolescence or young adulthood; mutations in photoreceptor proteins (rods)

A

Retinitis Pigmentosa

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28
Q

central vision loss
drusen

A

age-related macular degeneration

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29
Q
A

metamorphopsia

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30
Q

most common cause of blindness in this country
age>65, smoking, caucasian, FH, poor diet

A

age-related macular degeneration

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31
Q

yellowish extracellular deposits of lipids and proteins that accumulate between the Bruch’s membrane (part of the choroid) and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

A

drusen

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32
Q

due to accumulation of drusen and photoreceptor loss (cones)

A

dry age-related macular degeneration

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33
Q

due to choroidal neovascularization
vascular leakage and hemorrhage
fibrosis and scar formation

A

wet age-related macular degeneration

34
Q

Chronic hypoxia and inflammation stimulate the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), promoting the growth of abnormal, fragile blood vessels from the choroid through Bruch’s membrane into the retina

A

choroidal neovascularization

35
Q

detects metamorphopsia

A

Amsler grid

36
Q

drusen accumulation around macula

A

dry age-related macular degeneration

37
Q

hemorrhage
central vision loss
drusen

A

wet age-related macular degeneration

38
Q
A

central retinal artery occlusion

39
Q
A

central retinal vein occlusion

40
Q

usually due to embolism (by Afib)
acute ischemia of retina due due to artery occlusion

A

retinal artery occlusion

41
Q

painless sudden monocular vision loss
cherry red spot on macula

A

retinal artery occlusion

42
Q

due to venous stasis or compression
thrombus in central retinal vein

A

central retinal vein occlusion

43
Q

hypercoagulable states can increase risk for this

A

central retinal vein occlusion

44
Q

“blood and thunder retina”
painless, sudden monocular vision loss

A

central retinal vein occlusion

45
Q

cherry red spot
pale retina

A

central retinal artery occlusion

46
Q

“blood and thunder” appearance
diffuse retinal hemorrhages

A

central retinal vein occlusion

47
Q

lysosomal storage disorder due to deficiency in beta-hexosaminidase A
accumulation of gangliosides
cherry red spot on macula

48
Q

due to chronic effects of HTN

A

hypertensive retinopathy

49
Q

AV nicking!!!!!
copper wiring
hemorrhages
cotton wool spots
papilledema (in HTN emergency)

A

hypertensive retinopathy

50
Q

AV nicking and copper wiring

A

hypertensive retinopathy

51
Q

indicates malignant HTN

A

papilledema

52
Q
A

hypertensive retinopathy

53
Q
A

hypertensive retinopathy

54
Q

papilledema

A

malignant HTN

55
Q
A

retinoblastoma

56
Q

Most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in children, usually one eye

A

retinoblastoma

57
Q

caused by mutation in RB1 tumor suppressor gene

A

retinoblastoma

58
Q

Leukocoria (white pupillary reflex)
Strabismus
seen in child’s eye

A

retinoblastoma

59
Q

“cat’s eye reflex”

A

retinoblastoma

60
Q

calcifications and rosettes

A

retinoblastoma

61
Q

Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes

A

retinoblastoma

62
Q

most common intraocular malignant neoplasm in adults

A

Uveal (choroid) melanomas

63
Q

Risk factors include caucasians with blue or green eyes, UV light exposure and dysplastic nevus syndrome

A

Uveal (choroid) melanomas

64
Q
A

Uveal nevus (eye freckle)

65
Q
A

Uveal (choroid) melanoma

66
Q

spindle-like cells

67
Q

stain for melanoma

68
Q

swelling of optic disc

A

papilledema

69
Q

Most commonly due to increased CSF pressure transmitted to the optic nerve head by the CSF surrounding the optic nerve, can also be due to tumors within the optic nerve

A

papilledema

70
Q
A

pailledema

71
Q

_____ flow is from the ciliary body in the posterior chamber to the anterior chamber draining into the channel of Schlemm

A

aqueous humor

72
Q

caused by decreased drainage of aqueous humor through the channel of Schlemm

A

open-angle glaucoma

73
Q

caused by obstructed flow of aqueous humor and be acute causing severe pain and vision loss

A

close-angle glaucoma

74
Q

diffuse loss of ganglionic cells
cupping of optic disc

A

glaucoma causing optic nerve damage

75
Q

retina is thin (loss of ganglionic cells) due to what

76
Q

opacification of the lens

77
Q

Risk factors include age, lifestyle choices, diabetes, trauma and infection (accumulation of stuff within the lens)

NSB Biweekly 2 (11 decks)

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