Patterns of kinemerut

Question 1

essentially the formation of new species (speciation) and accompanying events

Answer 1

macroevolution

Question 2

• can occur in a variety of ways
• the key to cladogenic speciation
• occurs when barriers prevent two populations from interbreeding – keeping their gene pools separate

Answer 2

reproductive isolation

Question 3

(1) has two modes: (2) and (3)

Answer 3

Cladogenic speciation; allopatric speciation; sympatric speciation

Question 4

involves both rapid and gradual divergence

Answer 4

macroevolution

Question 5

occurs before fertilization can occur (no offspring are produced)

Answer 5

prezygotic isolation

Question 6

prezygotic isolation mechanisms

Answer 6

habitat isolation
temporal isolation
behavioral isolation
mechanical isolation
gametic isolation

Question 7

occurs after fertilization (offspring are either not viable or infertile)

Answer 7

postzygotic isolation

Question 8

postzygotic isolation mechanisms

Answer 8

hybrid inviability
hybrid sterility
hybrid breakdown

Question 9

fertilized egg fails to develop past the early embryonic stages

Answer 9

hybrid inviability

Question 10

hybrids are sterile because gonads develop abnormally or there is abnormal segregation of chromosomes during meiosis

Answer 10

hybrid sterility

Question 11

f1 hybrids are normal, vigorous, and viable, but f2 contains many weak or sterile individuals

Answer 11

hybrid breakdown

Question 12

Occurs when two species mate at different times of year

Answer 12

temporal isolation

Question 13

occurs when two species occupy different habitats

Answer 13

habitat isolation

Question 14

occurs when two species have different courtship behaviors

Answer 14

behavioral isolation

Question 15

occurs when physical differences prevent copulation/ pollination

Answer 15

mechanical isolation

Question 16

incompatibilities between egg and sperm prevent fertilization

Answer 16

gametic isolation

Question 17

modes of speciation

Answer 17

allopatric = other
peripatric = near
parapatric = beside
sympatric = same

Question 18

occurs when some members of a population become GEOGRAPHICALLY SEPARATED from the other members thereby preventing gene flow

Answer 18

allopatric

Question 19

small groups of individuals BREAK OFF from the larger group and form a new species

Answer 19

peripatric

Question 20

occurs when the groups that evolved to be separate species are GEOGRAPHIC NEIGHBORS

Answer 20

parapatric

Question 21

occurs when members of a population that initially occupy the SAME HABITAT within the same range diverge into two or more different species

Answer 21

sympatric

Question 22

change in chromosome number

Answer 22

polyploidization