Genetic Engineering Flashcards
the practice of mating or breeding selected organisms with desirable traits
classical breeding
the artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules to modify an organism or population of organisms
genetic engineering
makes use of existing, naturally present gene variants in a species and the natural process of breeding
selective breeding
involves a direct change to an organism’s genome in the laboratory
genetic engineering
Macapuno
Guapple
Wagyu beef
classical breeding
Flavr-savy
Golden rice
Bt corn
Insulin
genetic engineering
steps in classical breeding
- Determining which traits are significant enough to be chosen
- Select parents that exemplify these traits
- Choose the best offspring from parents to produce the next generation
- Repeat the process
breeders choose which organism to mate to produce offspring with desired traits
classical breeding
they cannot control what genes are passed
classical breeding
when they get offspring with the desired traits, the maintain them
classical breeding
classical breeding selection
selective breeding
hybridization
inbreeding
when animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits
selective breeding
passing of important genes to next generation
selective breeding
examples of selective breeding
champion race horses
cows w/ tender meat
large juicy oranges on tree
dachshund were once bred to hunt badgers and other burrowing animals
selective breeding
angus cows are bred to increase muscle mass so we get more meat
selective breeding
egg-laying hen produces more eggs than the average hen
selective breeding
two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms
hybridization
who created a disease-resistant potato called the Burbank potato, he crossed a disease-resistant plant with one that had a large food-producing capacity; resulting in a disease-resistant plant that makes a lot of potatoes
and what breeding selection was used?
Luther Burbank; hybridization
liger (lion & tiger)
hybridization
grapple (grape & apple)
hybridization
breeding of organisms that are genetically similar to maintain desired traits; decreases variations
inbreeding
difference between individuals of a species
variation
differences are in the genes but we see the physical differences
variation
some humans have blond hair and some have brown
variation
introduction of new traits into an organism
genetic engineering
enhancement of a present trait by increasing the expression of the desired gene
genetic engineering
enhancement of a present trait by disrupting the inhibition of the desired genes’ expression
genetic engineering
examples of genetic engineering
glofish
spider (transgenic) goats
by inserting genes from sea anemone and jellyfish, zebrafish have been genetically engineered to express fluorescent proteins
glofish
were genetically modified with genetic material from spiders, to create a silk that can be extracted from their milk to make textiles such as bulletproof vests
spider (transgenic) goats
process of cutting and recombining DNA fragments
recombinant DNA technology
