patterns of growth and development Flashcards
the enlightment
development of natural sciences in France in 18th century
not believing what the pope/king said but finding out evidence for yourself
leclerc- wrote histoire naturelle for the king; includes data that relates to growth of children
standardised measurement= metre and centrimetre in 1875
first child growth data
growth is dynamic- measurement of change
development is based on how you change functionally over time
chronilogical age and developmental age is different
in adulthood growth gradually slows down to almost 1cm a year
variation in growth patterns
lymphoid system- grow very fast during adolescent and reach adult size in first 6-8 years
brain and head mostly grown in 5 years- malnourished has large effects on development of brain
reproductive- during puberty increases in size and function ability
measuring
measuring human growth using distance velocity and acceleration
fitting mathematical functions to growth etc
infection point- peak in velocity where acceleration crosses 0 on chart
growth throughout life
at birth velocity is very high as baby is growing quickly but declines during infancy
juvenile- small peak in velocity but is not always present
peak height velocity occurs during adolescence (puberty)
velocity decreases and will be basically 0 during adulthood
growth
needed to ensure that humans are healhty and able to reproduce
need to ensure that you will carry on the species
critical period is important for ensuring health before puberty (7-11)
i
infancy and childhood
infancy- critical period of lots of growth especially growth
fat in childhood relates to fat later in life
growth rates in utero relate to growth rate later in life and health of mother
juvenile
increases independence of the child in all different areas
adolescence
shorter growth spurt but greater velocity
lots of variation between individuals
adulthood
stop growing in adulthood
may lose height in old age but this is due to curvature of spine and compressuon rather than negative growth
variation in tempo of growth
harpenden growth study
somatotype photos- looking at body shape and also psychological factors (compared to body shape)
great variation between the 3 children
early developers- likely to not be thin, greater weight for height (vice versa for late)
PHV
phv is very different among children
in many cases individuals are aligned according to age at PHV rather than their biological age- can be shown on graph
growth + maturation
growth= structure- formation of new tissue
maturation- function- metamorphosis of the biologicakl and chemical nature of tissue
normal growth status
can compare to rest of the population
need to account for differences due to SES, ethnicity, exposure to growth constraints etc
using references- cross sectional data, representative sample
standards- longitudinal data, selected sample
children folliw a predictable pattern of G&D that varies in timing and magnitude but is constant in the acheivement of developmental landmarks
growth disorders
growth hormone deficiency
height velocity- late PHV
growth faltering- term used for children with below expected weight for age, weight for length or BMI for age
in response to constraint or insult a child demonstrtaes growth faltering
in response to alleviation of constraint or insult the organism demonstrtaes rapid acceleration of catch up growth
catch up growth
type A- short period of rapid growth- seen in children representing a growth disorder
insult causes growth faltering + when insult is removed there is rapid growth back to pre insult canal
type B- extended growth period- seen in children with constitutional growth delay and children in LMICs- child can recover by growing for longer than usual
type C- A+B (hard to identify)
