adolescence and puberty

Question 1

events

Answer 1

lifestyle dramatically changes during adolescence- so does biology + they interact
move away from family structure- changes in diet
may develop mental health problems
may have children
universtity/ work

Question 2

c

critical period

Answer 2

peak height velocity
lots of chnages occur that will have life long lasting effects
increase in growth velocity
(velocity curve based on cross sectional data, doesnt reflect individual data as it doesnt show peaks)

Question 3

fat distribution

Answer 3

changes in fat distribution starts at around 14/15 and ocucurs even more when going into adulthood
android- males
gynoid- females
android is usually worse for health as can clog up arteries and mvoe around the body
worst place to store adipose tissue- apoptopic fat- stored around organs

Question 4

BMI across life

Answer 4

worst cardiometabolic risk comes form going from normal weight to obese
high BMI at young age isnt always due to fat- normally subcutaneous fat (not as harmful)
increases in fat during puberty are usually visceral fat around organs which is harmfuk

Question 5

maturation

Answer 5

growth- structure- formation of new tissue
maturation- function- metamorphosis of the biological and chemical nature of tissue
puberty= developmental phase resulting in the child reaching reproductive capacity covering approx first half of adolescence

Question 6

measuring maturity

Answer 6

processes- sexual maturaition, skeletal maturation, dental maturation
events- PHV, menarcher, spermache, voice breaking

Question 7

maturity indicators

Answer 7

changes in parts of the body that is characteristic of the body from immaturity to maturity
1. universal
2. sequential
3. discrimination
4. reliability
5. validity
6. completeness

Question 8

sexual maturity

Answer 8

best way to look at maturation
tanner’s stages ( in notes)
stage 1-5

Question 9

pubertal stages

Answer 9

P1= B1/G1 + PH1= pre pubertal
P2= B2-B4/G2-G4= pubertal
P3=B5/G5 +PH5= post pubertal
B= breast PH= pubic hair G= genitals

Question 10

status quo

Answer 10

method used for comparing, takes a representative sample from the population throughout adolescence and asks indiciduals if they have reached menarche

prospetcive method- requires longitudinal observation
retrospective- most commonly used to ask when females started period (may be recall bias)

Question 11

skeletal maturity

Answer 11

occurs in everyone- primary ossification to secondary ossification to fusion to completion of growth
X rays and radiographs can be used to measure
score bones against pictures and compare using graphs showing bone age amnd chronological age
can have different biological age to chronological
can calculate relative skeletal age by subtracting chronological age from skeletal age- neg value= slower pase of skeletal maturation

Question 12

dental maturation

Answer 12

different teeth are expected to come in at different ages
can assess against standards to find dental age

Question 13

considerations of maturity

Answer 13

1. maturational year /= chronological year
2. discrete indicators of continuous processes (one time snapshot)
3. different processes under different biological control
4. different processes occur at different rates
5. maturation rates differ between boys and girls
6. size /= maturation