changes throughout ageing

Question 1

changes

Answer 1

phsyiology- skin, muscle, menopause
risk of disease
risk of death
cumulative function - wisdom/ acquired knowledge
economic factors
social interactions
behaviour

Question 1

heterogeneity in aging

Answer 1

ageing differs between: individuals, species and organ systems (thymus~14yo peak, bone mass peak ~40yo)

Question 2

contributors to ageing

Answer 2

intrinsic ageing- what is inevitable/ programmed into our biology
extrinsic ageing- biological/ environmental factors- more likely to be controlled

lifestyle- diet/exercise
chronic disease
environment- exposure to pollutants
acess to healthcare/resrouces

Question 3

health and ageing

Answer 3

normal ageing- occurs with people who are older but generally healthy
pathological ageing- people with diseases- certain diseases have knock on effect on many systems
morbidity- comorbidity of different diseases often occurs with older people

Question 4

useful vs successful ageing

Answer 4

usual- non pathalogical but high risk eg low activity, bad diet, high blood pressure etc
successful- low probability of disease and disability, high cognitive and functional capacity, active engagement with life

Question 5

frailty

Answer 5

declines in multiple systems- increased inflammatory markers/ increased fat
impaired homeostatic reserve- dont have capacity to respond to stimuli
increased vulnerability to ill health- as systems decline
reduced capacity for recoevery
can treat and prevent frailty