Pattern recognition receptors

Question 1

what are the two main arms of mammalian immune system

Answer 1

innate
- macrophages
- neutrophils
- dendritic cells
adaptive
- t cells
- b cells

Question 2

which receptors are a major method for innate cells to recognize pathogens

Answer 2

Pattern Recognition Receptors

Question 3

what are types of pattern recognition receptors

Answer 3

toll-like receptors (TLR)
C-type lectin receptors (CLR)
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLR)
RIG-1 like receptors (RLR)

Question 4

how do innate immune cells detect pathogens

Answer 4

Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS)
-Molecules or structures that are specific for pathogenic bacteria, viruses and fungi and not visible on host cells.

Question 5

what are DAMPS

Answer 5

damage associated molecular patters:
host cell molecules or structures that are not normally visible to the immune system, but can be released from damages or dying cells

Question 6

what are MAMPs

Answer 6

Micro-organisim associated molecular patterns:
molecules or structures that are specific for microbes and not normally visible on host cells. Overlaps with PAMPs, but includes structures found on commensal microbes.

Question 7

systemic bacterial or fungal infections result in what

Answer 7

sepsis
- excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
- massive inflammation leading to organ failure and death
- mortality driven by over activation of the immune system rather then the invading pathogen