Patient Care Flashcards
Middle Ages:
hospitals
- run by church
- most monasteries had and infirmary
- St Leonard’s, York, 1287 accommodated 225 patients
Middle Ages:
leper hospitals
- incurable and contagious
- epidemic 12th and 13th Centuries
- outskirts of towns
- lodging and food but no treatment
Middle Ages:
almshouses
- elderly
- long term care
- sheltered accommodation
- very small
- widows with young children or single pregnant women
Middle Ages:
Christian Hospitals
- set up, paid for and run by church
- looked after poor and sick
- not allowed if seriously ill and needed help
- pray and attend religious services
Early Modern:
creation of royal hospitals
- 16th Century
- paid with royal funds
- 1553 Christ’s Hospital, provide for the poor
- 1551 St Thomas’ Hospital, venereal diseases
- 1553 Bridewell Hospital and prison, homeless children and disorderly poor
Early Modern:
creation of endowed hospitals
- Guy’s Hospital, 1721, treat ‘incurables’
- Foundling Hospital, 1739, 783 children taken in
- General Hospital, 1779, 200 patients treated in first three months
Modern 19th Century:
growth in number of hospitals
- 1800 had 3000 patients to 1851 which had 7619 patients
- maternity care, orthopaedics
- cottage hospitals in small rural villages
Modern 19th Century:
conditions in hospitals
- cramped and stuffy
- untrained nurses who were often drunk and dirty
- nurses had little training and was not a respectable profession
Modern 19th Century:
Florence in Crimea
- took 38 best nurses
- British military hospital in Scutari
- funded by Sydney Herbert and Dr Andrew Smith
- patients separated according to illness, windows opened
- death rate fell from 42/100 to 2/100
Modern 19th Century:
Florence’s return to Britain
- raised £50000 to set up Nightingale School of Nursing 1860
- 6 separate wards with long corridors
- 1859 Notes on Nursing: had to keep diary of work, live in the hospital, go out in pairs
Modern 19th Century:
importance of Florence
- 1850 no trained nurses, 1901 had 68000 trained nurses
- 1899 International Council of Nurse
- hospitals had radical changes
Modern 19th Century:
Mary Seacole
- 1855 opened ‘The British Hospital’ near Balaclava
- jaundice, diarrhoea, frostbite
- 1857 autobiography to raise awareness of nursing
Modern 19th Century:
Betsi Caldwaldr
- went Crimea aged 65
- moved from Scutari hospital to Balaclava
- cleaned wounds and changed bandages
- caught cholera and died in 1860
Modern 20th Century:
1906 acts
- Workmen’s Compensation Act
- Education (Provision of Meals) Act
Modern 20th Century:
1908 acts
- Children and Young Person’s Act: illegal to sell fireworks, alcohol and tobacco to children
Modern 20th Century:
1911
- National Insurance Act
- Housing and Town Planning Act
Modern 20th Century:
National Insurance Act 1911
- sickness benefit and free medical care for workers
- paid 10 shillings a week for 26 weeks
- disability pension of 5 shillings a week
Modern 20th Century:
National Insurance Act 1913
- unemployment benefit of 7 shillings for maximum of 15 weeks
Modern 20th Century:
Prime Minister David Lloyd George
- ‘land fit for heroes’
- 200000 new houses by 1922
- only 100000 houses built
Modern 20th Century:
Beveridge Report
- 1942
- 600000 copies sold
- ‘five evil giants’
- want, squalor, idleness, ignorance, disease
Modern 20th Century:
Beveridge Report - want
- National Insurance Act 1946
- benefits for unemployed and pregnant women
Modern 20th Century:
Beveridge Report - squalor
- 1946 New Towns Act
- construction of 14 new houses
Modern 20th Century:
Beveridge Report - idleness and ignorance
- 1947 school leaving age raised to 15
Modern 20th Century:
Beveridge Report - disease
- 1946 National Health Service Act
Modern 20th Century:
provision under NHS after 1946
- every British citizen can have free medical healthcare
- health centres set up to provide vaccinations and maternity care
- support ‘from cradle to the grave’
- taxes
Modern 20th Century:
opposition to NHS
- BMA survery 1948, 90% of doctors would refuse to join
- MP Aneurin Bevan persuasion, January 1948: 90% of doctors would join NHS
Modern 20th Century:
impact of NHS
by October 1949:
- 187 prescriptions written out
- 8.5 million received free dental treatment
Modern 20th and 21st Century:
development of NHS
- 1952 charges for glasses and dental treatments
- 1998 NHS Direct launched providing 24hr health advice over phone
- 2002 primary care trusts, delivery of health care ata local level
