Knowledge Flashcards
1
Q
Middle Ages:
Hippocrates
A
- ‘father of medicine’
- Ancient Greece
- new doctors today still take the ‘Hippocratic Oath’
- four humours (blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm)
2
Q
Middle Ages:
Galen
A
- Ancient Rome
- 3 years as doctor at Gladiator School
- dissection of animals
- theory of opposites
- work came to Western Europe through Islamic texts
3
Q
Middle Ages:
Alchemists
A
- magic scientists
- monks or priests
- elixir of life
- discovered hydrochloric acid and nitric acid
- turning base metals into gold
4
Q
Middle Ages:
doctors
A
- little training
- star signs
- full moon = 4 humours agitated
5
Q
Middle Ages:
Church
A
- pray for forgiveness
- buy indulgences or make a sacrifice
- schools of medicine which taught Galen’s theory and methods of dissection
6
Q
Early Modern:
Technology
A
- microscopes
- printing press 1476
7
Q
Early Modern:
Vesalius 1514 - 1564
A
- Professor of surgery and anatomy at Padua
- 1543 published book ‘Fabric of the Human Body’
- dissected humans by grave robbing
8
Q
Early Modern:
Pare 1510 - 1590
A
- surgeon in French Army
- ran out of cauterising oil
- created own of egg yolk, turpentine and rose oil
- ligatures to tie off wounds
9
Q
Early Modern:
Harvey 1578 - 1657
A
- blood pumped around body
- cold-blooded amphibians
- pumped from heart not liver (disproved Galen)
- 1628 published ‘On the Motion of the Heart’
10
Q
Modern 18th and 19th Century:
Louis Pasteur
A
- French
- Germ Theory 1860s
- links between germs and disease
- vaccines to target specific disease
- rabies vaccine 1880
11
Q
Modern 18th and 19th Century:
Robert Koch
A
- German
- specific bacteria caused specific disease
- discovered antibodies
- vaccines for tetanus, typhoid and tuberculosis etc
- technique to stain bacteria
- Nobel Prize 1905
12
Q
Modern 20th Century:
Paul Ehrlich
A
- 1910 treatment for syphilis called ‘Salvarsan 606’
- 606th drug he tested
- ‘magic bullet’
13
Q
Modern 20th Century:
X-rays
A
- 1895, Wilheim Rontegen, high dosages of radiation
- WW1, set up to check for bullets
14
Q
Modern 20th Century:
Ultrasound
A
- WW2 to detect German submarines
- after, used to see human body
- used to check organs and unborn babies
15
Q
Modern 20th Century:
MRI Scan
A
- radio waves
- detailed picture of organs and tissues
- used since 1980
16
Q
Modern 20th Century:
PET Scan
A
- injects slighty radioactive tracer into bloodstream
- 3D images of tissues and bones
- cancer and heart problems
17
Q
Modern 20th Century:
CT Scan
A
- different angled x-ray images to produce a cross section
18
Q
Modern 20th Century:
DNA
A
- 1953
- Crick, Watson and Franklin
- structure of DNA
19
Q
Modern 20th Century:
Human Genome Project
A
- complete genetic blueprint
20
Q
Modern 20th Century:
cloning
A
- 1996
- Dolly the sheep
- grow medicines for humans in sheep’s milk
