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Radiation Therapy Principles and Procedures Test 1 > Patient Care > Flashcards

Patient Care Flashcards

1
Q

what is the normal temperature for adults?

A

98.6

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2
Q

what could low temperature indicate? (4)

A

hypothermia, shock, dying, patient drank something cold

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3
Q

what is a high temperature?

A

100.5°

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4
Q

what could high temperature indicate? (6)

A

response to virus or bacteria, tumor fever/necrosis, response to drugs, septic shock, heat exhaustion, patient drank something hot

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5
Q

what is the normal pulse?

A

60-100 beats per minute

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6
Q

where should a pulse be checked?

A

radial artery, femoral artery, carotid artery

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7
Q

what is low pulse?

A

60 bpm or less, bradycardia

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8
Q

what causes bradycardia? (3)

A

medication, heart disease, athlete

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9
Q

what is high pulse?

A

100 bpm or greater, tachycardia

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10
Q

what causes tachycardia? (5)

A

fever, stress, dehydration, pain, heart disease

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11
Q

what is normal respiration?

A

12-20 bpm

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12
Q

what is low respiration?

A

rate less than 10

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13
Q

what causes low respiration?

A

respiratory distress, narcotic or dug overdose, respiratory fatigue

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14
Q

what is high respiration?

A

rate over 24

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15
Q

what causes high respiration? (3)

A

fear, anxiety, copd

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16
Q

what is normal blood pressure?

A

100-140/60-90

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17
Q

what is the maximum pressure exerted against the artery walls when the heart contracts?

A

systole

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18
Q

what is the pressure exerted against artery walls during relaxation of the heart muscle?

A

diastole

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19
Q

what is low blood pressure?

A

hypotension

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20
Q

what are the symptoms of hypotension?

A

sweaty, pale, rapid pulse, shallow breathing, nausea/vomiting

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21
Q

what is the treatment hypotension?

A

lay flat or trendelenberg, keep warm, IV fluids

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22
Q

what is high blood pressure?

A

hypertension

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23
Q

what are the symptoms of hypertension?

A

usually none; may have headache or appear flushed

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24
Q

what is the treatment for hypertension?

A

exercise, weight loss, low salt diet, medication

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25
Q

what is the fifth vital sign?

A

pain

26
Q

what is myelosuppression?

A

reduction in bone marrow function

27
Q

what is the lowest blood count a patient gets post treatment?

A

Nadir

28
Q

when does a patient usually experience Nadir?

A

2-3 weeks after treatment

29
Q

what causes myelosuppression?

A

disease, radiation, or chemotherapy

30
Q

what is the normal white blood cell count?

A

4,000-10,000

31
Q

what is the function of white blood cells?

A

fight infection

32
Q

what is decreased white blood cell called?

A

leukopenia

33
Q

what steers treatment (regarding WBC)?

A

ANC (absolute neutrophil count)

34
Q

what are red blood cells?

A

erythrocytes

35
Q

what is the function of erythrocytes?

A

carry oxygen from the lungs, carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs

36
Q

what is the normal lifespan of erythrocytes?

A

120 days

37
Q

what protein is found in erythrocytes?

A

hemoglobin

38
Q

what is hemoglobin made of? (3)

A

iron, folic acid, vitamin B12

39
Q

where are erythrocytes made?

A

bone marrow

40
Q

what is the normal erythrocyte count?

A

4.1-5.1

41
Q

what does low erythrocyte count indicate?

A

anemia

42
Q

what are the symptoms of anemia? (6)

A

fatigue, weakness, dizzy, shortness of breath, pounding headache, ringing ears

43
Q

what is the function of hemoglobin?

A

oxygen carried on erythrocyte

44
Q

what is the abbreviation for hemoglobin?

A

Hgb

45
Q

what is the normal hemoglobin counts?

A

12-16 for women; 14-18 for men

46
Q

where is hemoglobin broken down?

A

liver

47
Q

what is the ratio of the packed red cells to the total blood volume?

A

hematocrit

48
Q

what is the abbreviation for hematocrit?

A

Hct

49
Q

what is the normal hematocrit counts?

A

36-47 for women; 38-54 for men

50
Q

what are the patient teachings for anemia? (4)

A

rest, conserve energy, move slowly especially with change, diet to include foods rich in iron

51
Q

what is the treatment for Hgb < 9 ?

A

procrit

52
Q

what is the treatment for Hgb < 8 ?

A

blood transfusion

53
Q

what is the function of platelets?

A

clotting mechanism

54
Q

what is the normal platelet count?

A

150,000-500,000

55
Q

what is a severely low platelet count?

A

< 50,000

56
Q

what is decreased platelets?

A

thrombocytopenia

57
Q

at what platelet count should you not treat a patient?

A

below 50,000

58
Q

what are symptoms of thrombocytopenia? (7)

A

nosebleeds, easy bruising, petechiae, prolonged bleeding, black or bloody stools, brown or bloody urine

59
Q

what are the patient teachings for platelets?

A

do not take aspirin, do not floss teeth, use soft tooth brush, shave with electric razor, blow nose gently, be careful of sharp objects

60
Q

acute radiation damage is most prominent in what type of tissues?

A

rapidly proliferating cells

Radiation Therapy Principles and Procedures Test 1 (6 decks)

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