Patient Assessment Flashcards
What does SAMPLE stand for?
S-Signs and symptoms
A- allergies
M-Medication
P-Past medical history
L-Last oral intake
E-Events leading up to incident
What are the ABC’s?
Airway, breathing, and circulation
What does DCAP-BTLS stand for?
D- deformities
C- Contusions
A- Abrasions
P- Punctures/penetrations
B- Burns
T- Tenderness
L- Lacerations
S- Swelling
What do you say before starting any practical station during the EMT test?
BSI, Scene safety
How long to re-check vitals on an unstable patient?
check every 5 minutes
How long to re-check vitals on a stable patient?
check every 15 minutes
What are the main parts for a patient assessment?
Scene size-up, primary assessment, history taking, second assessment, and reassessment
What are the steps for scene size-up?
BSI, scene safety
MOI/NOI
Number of patients
Partner stabilizes the patients c-spine and check to see if the patient has any stomas, medical alert, JVD, or a deviated trachea)
What are the steps for a primary assessment?
- Generalized impression
- Mental status (AVPU) or A&Ox4 (oriented to person, place, time & event)
- Chief complaint or apparent life threat
- A-airway: OPA, NPA, obstruction, suction
- B- Breathing: look, listen, & feel, compare to yours, expose the chest, penetrating chest trauma, equal lung expansion, paradoxical breathing, lung sounds x4, oxygen set to 12-15 L/min via a NRB or BVM if inadequate breathing)
- C-Circulation: Skin CTC, blood in voids, presence of pulse (radial, femoral, carotid)
- D- Decision to transport, update ambulance crew (by radio), identify priority patient
- Perform rapid trauma assessment (because of significant MOI- 60 seconds, head to toe (no face))
How many liters of oxygen do you use for the patient?
12-15 L/min
What do you use for the patient to receive oxygen?
NBR if stable and a BVM if unstable
What are the requirements to assess the patients mental status?
If the patient is oriented to person, place, time and event
What pules do you check for during the secondary assessment?
radial and dorsalis pedis
What does MOI stand for?
Mechanism of injury
What does NOI stand for?
Nature of illness
What are the steps for history and secondary assessment in a trauma situation?
Start with SAMPLE, next ask for the patients VITAL (you want BP, pulse (rate & quality), respirations (rate & quality), pupils, and skin CTC (color, temperature, condition)), then move into DCAP-BTLS and finally verbalize the appropriate interventions and/or treatments and manage secondary wounds.
What happens during a re-assessment?
You will repeat the primary ABC’s, re-check vitals (every 5 minutes if the patient is unstable, or every 15 minutes if the patient is stable), re-check intervention, perform forced assessment, and update your ambulance crew in person once they arrive on scene
What does OPQRSTI stand for?
Onset, Provokes, Quality, Radiates, Severity, Time, and Interventions
What are the steps for history and secondary assessment in a medical situation?
Start with SAMPLE, next ask for the patients VITAL (you want BP, pulse (rate & quality), respirations (rate & quality), pupils, and skin CTC (color, temperature, condition)), then move into OPQRSTI, assess the appropriate body system that is causing harm (cardio, pulmonary, neurological, etc.), and finally verbalize the appropriate interventions and/or treatments and manage secondary wounds.
What does AVPU stand for?
A- Alert and consciousness
V- Responds to verbal stimuli
P- Responds to painful stimuli
U- Unresponsive to any form of stimulus
