Ch. 16 Flashcards
Which of the following conditions would be least likely to result in hypoxia?
-Narcotic overdose
-Pulmonary edema
-Severe anxiety
-Pleural effusion
Severe anxiety
A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40F (5C). On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing supplemental oxygen, you should:
-Call medical control and ask how to proceed with treatment
-Place her in a recumbent position to facilitate breathing
-Determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler
-Contact medical control and administer an antihistamine
Determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler
An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both side of the chest. These findings are consistent with:
-Respiratory insufficiency
-An obstructed airway
-Adequate air exchange
-Respiratory difficulty
Adequate air exchange
At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and:
-Audible stridor
-Profound cyanosis
-Rales and rhonchi
-Expiratory wheezing
Audible stridor
Dyspnea is most accurately defined as:
-A marked increase in the exhalation phase
-Labored breathing with reduced tidal volume
-A complete cessation of respiratory effort
-Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of:
-Rhonchi
-Stridor
-Wheezing
-Rales
Stridor
In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:
-The percentage of inhaled carbon dioxide must exceed the percentage of inhaled oxygen
-The pulmonary capillaries must be completely constricted and the alveoli must be collapsed
-There must be low quantities of pulmonary surfactant to allow for full alveolar expansion
-Oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane
Oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane
In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?
-Bronchi
-Alveoli
-Trachea
-Capillaries
Alveoli
When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:
-The brain stem inhibits respirations
-Respiration decrease in rate and depth
-Respirations increase in rate and depth
-Exhalation lasts longer than inhalation
Respirations increase in rate and depth
Which of the following statements regarding pulse oximetry is correct?
-Caution must be exercised when using the pulse oximeter on a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning because falsely low readings are common.
-The pulse oximeter is a valuable assessment tool that measure the percentage of red blood cells that contain hemoglobin molecules
-Pulse oximetry measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen but does not measure the actual hemoglobin content of the blood
-Most otherwise healthy patients can maintain adequate oxygenation and good skin color with oxygen saturation readings as low as 70% to 80%
Pulse oximetry measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen but does not measure the actual hemoglobin content of the blood
All of the following are common signs and symptoms of cardiac ischemia, except:
-Headache
-Chest pressure
-Shortness of breath
-Anxiety or restlessness
Headache
While palpating the radial pulse of a 56-year-old man with chest pain, yo note that the pulse rate is 86 beats/min and irregular. This indicates:
-Pain
-Fear
-Anxiety
-Dysrhythmia
Dysrhythmia
A 56-year-old man has an acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following blood vessels became blocked and led to his condition?
-Coronary veins
-Coronary arteries
-Pulmonary veins
-Pulmonary arteries
Coronary arteries
Major controllable risk factors for an AMI include:
-Older age
-Family history
-Cigarette smoking
-Male sex
Cigarette smoking
A patient with cardiac arrest secondary to ventricular fibrillation has the greatest chance for survival if:
-CPR is initiated within 10 minutes
-Oxygen and rapid transport are provided
-Defibrillation is provided within 2 minutes
-Paramedics arrive at the scene within 5 minutes
Defibrillation is provided within 2 minutes
A 59-year-old woman presents with chest pressure. She is conscious and alert, but her skin is cool, pale, and clammy. Your first step in providing care (treatment) should be:
-Apply the AED
-Administer oxygen
-Ask her if she takes nitroglycerin
-Take a complete set of vital signs
Administer oxygen
If a patient with an implanted pacemaker is in cardiac arrest, the EMT should:
-Avoid defibrillation with the AED and transport at once
-Not apply the AED until he or she contacts medical control
-Place the AED pads away from the pacemaker
-Apply the AED pads directly over the implanted pacemaker
Place the AED pads away from the pacemaker
The main advantage of the AED is:
-It provides quick delivery of a shock
-It is easier than performing CPR
-There is no need for ALS providers to be on scene
-All of the above
All of the above
After administering a nitroglycerin tablet to a patient, the EMT should:
-Check the expiration date of the nitroglycerin
-Reassess the patient’s blood pressure within 2 minutes
-Instruct the patient to chew the tablet until it is dissolved
-Ensure that the nitroglycerin is prescribed to the patient
Reassess the patient’s blood pressure within 2 minutes
Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients:
-With a systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg
-With chest pain of greater than 30 minutes duration
-Who are currently taking antibiotics for an infection
-Who are younger that 40 years of age and have diabetes
With a systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg
