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C&M Symposia > Pathways And Centres Involved In Movement > Flashcards

Pathways And Centres Involved In Movement Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of the basal ganglia?

A

Normal initiation of movement
Control of movement
Stopping of movement

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2
Q

The basal ganglia sends what specific information through the thalamus to the cerebral cortex?

A

1) dampen cerebral cortex

2) excite cerebral cortex

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3
Q

What is dyskinesia?

A

Abnormal involuntary movements

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4
Q

Lesions of the basal ganglia cause what?

A

Dyskinesia - abnormal involuntary movements

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5
Q

The basal ganglia is made up of what two components?

A

Corpus striatum

Amygdala and claustrum

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6
Q

What is the corpus striatum made from?

A

Neostratum and paleostiatum

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7
Q

What is the neostratum made up of?

A

Caudate nucleus and putamen

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8
Q

What is the lentiform nucleus made up of?

A

Putamen

Gloves pallid is

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9
Q

What is the embryological origin of the basal ganglia?

A

Telencephalon

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10
Q

The anatomical basal ganglia is made of what 4 components?

A

Caudate nucleus
Lentiform nucleus - putamen and globus pallidus
Amygdala
Claustrum

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11
Q

The globus pallidus is split into two parts know as:

A

Interna

Externa

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12
Q

The functional basal ganglia is made of which 5 components?

A 
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Subthalamus
Substantia nigra
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13
Q

The substantia nigra is functionally part of what structure?

A

Globus pallidus interna

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14
Q

The substantia nigra is split into 2 parts known as:

A

Pars compacta

Pars reticulata

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15
Q

The pars compacta contains what type of cells? What do they produce?

A

Melanin

Produce dopamine

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16
Q

Individually, are the fibres from the cortex to the striatum excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Excitatory

17
Q

Individually, are the fibres from the striatum to the globus pallidus interna and substantia nigra excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Inhibitory

18
Q

Individually, are the fibres from the globus pallidus interna and substantia nigra to the thalamus excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Inhibitory

19
Q

Individually, are the fibres from the thalamus to the cortex excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Excitatory

20
Q

What does the internal circuitry of the basal ganglia do?

A

Modification

Turns muscles ‘on and off’

21
Q

What is the function of the direct pathway?

A

Facilitate behaviour and movements that are required

22
Q

What is the function of the indirect pathway?

A

Inhibit unwanted behaviours and movements

23
Q

What is chorea? And in what disease does it present?

A

Jerky involuntary movements

Huntingtons disease

24
Q

Draw out the direct pathway

A

See slide 8

25
Q

Draw out the indirect pathway

A

See slide 9

26
Q

The direct pathway causes excitation or inhibition of the thalamus?

A

Excitation

27
Q

The indirect pathway causes excitation or inhibition of the thalamus?

A

Inhibition

28
Q

What is the function of the substania nigra pars compacta?

A 
Releases dopamine
Initiates movement
Excites the direct pathway
Inhibits the indirect pathway
= double excitation
29
Q

Damage to the basal ganglia means disordered movement on what side of the body?

A

Contralateral side

30
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of basal ganglia damage?

A 
Slow movements (hypokinesia)
Poor initiation of movement
Little steps
Lack of facial expression
Lack of blinking
Rigidity 
Tremor
31
Q

Why is there no initiation of movement in basal ganglia damage?

A

Dopenergic fibers do not fire
No excitation/inhibition
= no initiation

32
Q

Parkinsons disease is disease of the basal ganglia involving disruption of which input?

A

Nigrostriatal

33
Q

How does hyperkinetic disorders occur?

A

Degeneration of subthalamic nucleus = excitation to globus pallidus
Degeneration of inhibitory fibers from striatum to globus pallidus

34
Q

What does hyperkinetic mean?

A

Unwanted movement

C&M Symposia (24 decks)

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