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metabolism > pathway review > Flashcards

pathway review Flashcards

1
Q

glycolysis

A

provides energy
excess used for lipogenesis in liver and adipose

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2
Q

PDH complex

A

link bw glycolysis and CAC (puruvate to acetyl coa)

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3
Q

CAC

A

oxidation of acetyl coa coupled to reduction of NAD+/FAD

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4
Q

ocidative phoshphorylation

A

NADH/ FADH2 oxidation coupled to ATP synthesis

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5
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

provies glucose to bloodstream during starvation

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6
Q

glycogenolysis

A

supplies glucose for ATP synthesis WITHIN that tissue but in liver it serves to maintain blood glucose levels

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7
Q

glycogen synthesis

A

store carbs

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8
Q

b-oxidation

A

provide energy

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9
Q

PPP

A

provide pentose sugars for nucleotide synthesis and NADPH for anabolic pathways (lipid synthesis)

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10
Q

FA synthesis

A

storing energy, synthesis of phospholipids and CE and used as signalling molecules

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11
Q

cholesterol synthesis

A

used in membrane synthesis, bile acid/ salt synthesis, steroid hormone synthesis, and to make oxysterols

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12
Q

ketone bodies

A

used by non liver tissues during starvation but not RBC

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13
Q

lipoprotein metabolism

A

delivers FA and monoglyceride to tissues and can modigy the type/ density of lipoprotein

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14
Q

urea cycle

A

detoxifies ammonia

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15
Q

what processes occur in all tissues

A

glycolysis and PPP

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16
Q

where does PDH cycle occur

A

everywhere but RBC

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17
Q

where does CAC occur

A

everywhere but RBC

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18
Q

where does oxidative phosphorylation occur

A

everywhere but RBC

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19
Q

where does b oxiation occur

A

everywehre but RBC and little in brain

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20
Q

where does glycogen synthesis occur

A

almost everywhere, but mainly in liver and muscle

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21
Q

where does gluconeogenesis occur

A

liver and kidneys

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22
Q

where does glycogenolysis occur

A

liver and muscle

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23
Q

where does cholesterol synthesis occur

A

all tissue but mainly liver

24
Q

where does FA synthesis occur

A

liver and adipose tissue

25
Q

where does ketone body formaiton occur

A

liver

26
Q

where does urea cycle occur

A

liver

27
Q

where does lipoprotein metabolism occur

A

bloodstream

28
Q

glucose 6 phosphate

A

exported as glucose to replenish blood glucose

29
Q

what is used to syntehsize FA

A

glucose

30
Q

what does glucose-6-phosphate enter

A

blood
glycogen syntehsis
enter glycolysis > PDH >CAC
FA synthesis
PPP to yield NADPH and pentoses

31
Q

where do AA go

A

to make proteins, nucleotides, hormones or in bloodstream to pass to other organs

can be converted to pyruvate and ammonia

32
Q

fate of lipids

A

converted to liver lipids
B ocxidation > acetyl coa and NADH
form phospholipids and TAG of plasma lipoprotiens
bind to albumin in blood for transport to heart and skeletal muscle

32
Q

fate of lipids

A

converted to liver lipids
B ocxidation > acetyl coa and NADH
form phospholipids and TAG of plasma lipoprotiens
bind to albumin in blood for transport to heart and skeletal muscle

33
Q

enzyme for glycogen synthesis

A

glycogen synthase

34
Q

enzyme for glycogen breakdown

A

glycogen phosphorylase

35
Q

enzyme for glycolysis and CAC and PDH

A

PFK1 by PFK2
PDH complex

36
Q

enzyme for FA synthesis

A

ACC

37
Q

enzyme for TAG synthesis

A

liporpotein lipase HOW?

38
Q

glucagon and FA

A

mobalizes FA from adipose tisseu

39
Q

what does glycogen breakdown require

A

glycgen phosphorylase

40
Q

glycogen synthesis enzyme

A

glycogen synthase

41
Q

glyclysis enzyme

A

PFK1

42
Q

gluconeogenesis enzyme

A

FBPase2
PEP carboxykinase

43
Q

enzmyme against gluconeogenesis

A

Pyruvate kinase

44
Q

FA mobilization enxyme

A

hormone sensitive lipase

45
Q

ketogenesis enxyme

A

dec ACC

46
Q

what has the highest caloric equivalent in obses people over normal people

A

in TAG, caloric equivalent inn TAG (adipose tissue) is much higher in obese

47
Q

TAG metabolism during fasting

A

liver converts FA and ketone bodies for export to other tissues including brain

48
Q

glucose plasma concentration during starvation

A

begins to deminish within 2 days

49
Q

ketone bodies during starvation

A

rise dramatically after 2-4 days

50
Q

where do ketone bodies go

A

form liver to

heart
skeletal muscle
brain

51
Q

when are glycogen stores depeleted

A

24-36 hours

52
Q

when does liver begin gluconeogenesis

A

after 24-36 hours

53
Q

gluconeogenesi what is it made from

A

amino acids
non essential abundant proteins

54
Q

events after 2-3 days of starvation

A

low insulin= TAG breakdown
TAG glycerol used for gluconeogenesis (preservnes AA for protein synth)
FA oxidation (not in brain)
ketone bodies for brian, heart, skeletal muscle

55
Q

4+ days after starvation

A

ketone main energy for brain
FA oxidation maintains essential metabolic processes

56
Q

what happens during starvation when fat stores are compoetely depleted

A

protein breakdown= AA for gluconeogenesis is mian source of energy in all cells

heart and liver proteins broken doown
mscle wasting
negative impacts on organ function
death

metabolism (14 decks)

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