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metabolism > FA oxidation > Flashcards

FA oxidation Flashcards

1
Q

Solubility of carboxylate group

A

Hydrophilic

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2
Q

Solubility of hydrocarbon chain

A

Hydrophobic

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3
Q

What FA are abundant in food

A

18 carbon long

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4
Q

where does numbering of carbons in FA start

A

in the carboxyl carbon

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5
Q

what are the simpest lipids created from FA

A

triacylglycerols

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6
Q

what is a major form of energy storage

A

triacylglycerols

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7
Q

what links FA to glycerol back bone

A

ester linkage

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8
Q

simple triacyl glycerols

A

one kind of FA

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9
Q

mixed triacylglycerols

A

more than one type of FA

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10
Q

what provides energy and insulation

A

triacyl glycerols

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11
Q

how are triacylglycerols stored

A

as lipid droplets in adipocytes/ fat cells

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12
Q

advantages of using triacylglycerols over glucose

A

carbons more reduced= higher potential for oxidation and yield more energy

hydrophobic and unhydrated so they dont weight much like polysaccharides

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13
Q

sources of triacylglycerols

A

– fats consumed in the diet
– fats stored in cells as lipid droplets
– fats synthesized in one organ for
export to another
– fats obtained by autophagy

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14
Q

what emulsify FA and where

A

bile salts in the small intestine

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15
Q

what do bile salts convert

A

insoluble
macroscopic fat particles to finely
dispersed microscopic micelles

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16
Q

what degrades triacyl glycerols

A

lipases- converts to monoacylglycerols
(monoglycerides) and
diacylglycerols (diglycerides) and
free fatty acids

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17
Q

what happens to mono and diglycerides and free FA

A

Products transported into
intestinal mucosa (epithelial cells
lining intestinal surface)

18
Q

what happens once Products transported into
intestinal mucosa (epithelial cells
lining intestinal surface)

A

Reconverted into triacylglycerols
○ and packaged into lipoprotein
aggregates

19
Q

where are lipoprotein aggregates carried to in the blood

A

to muscle and adipose tissue

20
Q

what happens when lipoprotein aggregates reach the muscle and adipose tissue

A

Triacylglycerols hydrolyzed by
lipoprotein lipase into free fatty acids
and monoacylglycerols

21
Q

what happens to products hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase

A

transported
across cell membrane

22
Q

what happens when lipased FA are transported across cell membrane

A

Fatty acids oxidized for energy or
stored as triacylglycerols

23
Q

how much energy does oxidatoin of FA provide for energetic needs in heart & liver

A

up to 80%

24
Q

how much energy does FA oxidation provide for daily energy requirement

A

40%

25
Q

Isozyme in the outer mitochondrial membrane

A

Fatty Acyl-CoA Synthetase

26
Q

how does Fatty Acyl-CoA Synthetase work

A
  • Activates fatty acids by adding CoA
    – converts them into fatty acyl-CoA thioesters
27
Q

what kind of linkage is created bw FA and coenzyme A

A
  • Creates thioester linkage between the fatty acid
    carboxyl group and the thiol group of coenzyme A
28
Q

what makes high energy thioester bond favourable

A

– high energy bond made possible (favorable) by
hydrolysis of two ATP bond from PPi

29
Q

where are activated FA transported

A

into mitochondria

30
Q

what size of FA can diffuse freely across
mitochondrial membranes

A

Small (< 12 carbons)

31
Q

how are Long-chain fatty acids (containing 14+ carbons) transported across cell membrane

A

are
transported through a carnitine shuttle
– must be activated to a fatty acyl-CoA
– must be attached to carnitine

32
Q

transiently attaches fatty acyl-CoA to carnitine

A
  • CAT1
33
Q

allows passive
transport of fatty acyl-carnitine ester

A

Acyl-Carnitine/Carnitine cotransporter

34
Q

regenerates fatty acyl-CoA and frees carnitine

A

CAT2

35
Q
  • Acyl-CoA in mitochondrial matrix
A

can be used for oxidation and ATP production
– conversion to the carnitine ester commits it to oxidation
– carnitine-mediated entry is the rate-limiting step for
oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria

36
Q

Acyl-CoA in cytosol

A

can be used for membrane lipid synthesis
– the first intermediate in fatty acid synthesis
(Malonyl-CoA) inhibits CAT1, assuring that fatty acid
oxidation and synthesis do not occur simultaneously

37
Q

Two Pools of Fatty Acyl-CoA

A

Acyl-CoA in mitochondrial matrix
Acyl-CoA in cytoso

38
Q

Stage 1 of Fatty Acid Oxidation

A

β oxidation
– fatty acids undergo oxidative
removal of successive
two-carbon units in the form
of acetyl-CoA

39
Q

Stage 2 of Fatty Acid Oxidation

A
  • Oxidation of acetyl-CoA groups to
    CO2 in the Citric Acid Cycle
    – occurs in the mitochondrial
    matrix
    – generates NADH, FADH2
    , and
    one GTP
40
Q

Stage 3 of Fatty Acid Oxidation

A
  • Electron Transport Chain and oxidative
    phosphorylation
    – generates ATP from NADH and FADH2
41
Q

Stage 1: oxidation four main steps

A
  1. oxidation
  2. hydration
  3. oxidation
  4. cleavage

metabolism (14 decks)

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