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Science > Pathway 2 exam yr10 > Flashcards

Pathway 2 exam yr10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

No nucleus
Mostly unicellular
DNA less structured and single loop

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2
Q

Endosymbiotic theory

A

Proposes eukaryotic cells were formed when a bacterial cell was digested by other primitive prokaryotic cell.

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3
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Prokaryotic cell engulfing another

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4
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Made up of cells that possess membrane-bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Multicellular or single-celled

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5
Q

Field of view

A 
Diameter of where you can see in a microscope.
Measured using (Original Mag/New mag) x Original FOV
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6
Q

phospholipid bilayer

A

Bilayer made up of hydrophobic tails made of fatty acids, and hydrophilic heads made of phosphate.

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7
Q

semi-permeable

A

Has lots of tiny holes and pores. Allows small particles to pass through.
Eg. Water, gases, and nutrients

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8
Q

Fluid-mosaic model

A

molecules not held in rigid structure, but can move

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9
Q

Ahesion Protein

A

Links cells together to maintain a 3D structure and the normal functioning of tissues.
Responsible for ensuring the organs are able to execute their function properly.

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10
Q

Recognition protein

A

Recognises different things in the cell

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11
Q

receptor protein

A

Blinding of hormones

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12
Q

transport protein

A

Acts as passageways that allows specific substances

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13
Q

passive transport

A

Doesn’t require energy

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14
Q

osmosis

A

Movement of water particles. Passive transport

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15
Q

active transport

A

Requires energy. ATP

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16
Q

cellular respiration

A

Active transport. Reaction in mitochondria.

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17
Q

Differentiation

A

process which cells become more specialised as they mature.

All spec cells originate from stem cells

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18
Q

circulatory system

A

Carries blood away from and towards the heart.
carries oxygen and nutrients around body.
Maintain body temp.
circulation of hormones.

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19
Q

Valves

A

prevents back flow of blood.

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20
Q

Arteries

A

carry blood away from heart

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21
Q

Veins

A

carry blood to heart

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22
Q

Plasma

A

makes up 55% of blood.

Contains dissolved proteins, oxygen and CO2

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23
Q

ethrocytes (red blood cells)

A

Contain heamoglobins
concave
No nucleus

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24
Q

leukaryocytes (white blood cells)

A

Contains nucleus
Phagocytes engulf pathogens
lymphocytes create antibodies

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25
Q

Platelets

A

responsible for clotting

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26
Q

Arteries

A

Wall made of smooth muscle fibres

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27
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of blood vessels due to a contraction of muscles in the blood vessels.

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28
Q

Veins

A

dont have muscle.
change diameter like arteries.
Low blood pressure.
have valves.

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29
Q

Transport of oxygen

A

Heamoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin.

Loose combination as can easily break down to release oxygen.

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30
Q

transport of carbon dioxide

A

Combines with global part of haemoglobin to form carbonhaemoglobin.

31
Q

Inorganic ions

A

sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride, and iodide.

32
Q

Organic molecules

A

glucose, vitamins, amino and fatty acids

33
Q

Organic waste

A

urea, creatinine and uric acid.

34
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

fluid found outside the cell

35
Q

Systemic circulation

A

blood travels from heart to body cells and back to heart.

36
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

blood travels from heart to lungs and back to heart

37
Q

Lymphatic system

A

collect fluid that escapes from capillaries and return them into circulatory system, and fights pathogens.

38
Q

Lymph vessel

A

blood leaks out of artery end of capillary because high pressure, returns to the venous end of capillary.

39
Q

Lymph

A

fluid returned to blood stream through lymphatic system.

40
Q

Lymph nodes

A

found in neck, armpit, groin, alimentary canal.

Lympnoid tissues contains, lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells.

41
Q

ion

A

Atom with a charge

42
Q

anion

A

Ion with a negative charge

43
Q

cation

A

Ion with a positive charge

44
Q

Ionic compounds

A

made up of cations and anions.
Opposite charges are electrostaticaly attracted together.
charges must be balanced, for neutral charge.

45
Q

Polyatomic charges

A

ions that have more than one atom. Atoms are strongly bonded together in covalent bond

46
Q

Covalent bond

A

sharing valence electrons

47
Q

Ionic bonds

A

ions transfer valence electrons to other ions, this creates difference in charge and bonds.
Structure of ionic compound is repeating ions in fixed lattice.
lattice is rigid but bonds are strong.

48
Q

Aqueous solution

A

when a substance has been dissolved in water

49
Q

Precipitate

A

solid that appears in a reaction

50
Q

Mole

A

way to count molecules, word to represent number.

6.022 x 10 to power of 23

51
Q

n

A

Moles

52
Q

m

A

Mass

53
Q

M

A

Molar Mass

54
Q

doppler effect

A

Observed change in frequency of a wave when the wave source and observer are moving in relation to each other.

55
Q

frequency

A

Number of waves passing a single location in one second

56
Q

hubble’s law

A

The further away a galaxy is, the greater its red shift and so the faster it is moving away from us

57
Q

how stars are made

A

Density of amount of dust in space creates gravity and begins to collapse on itself.
this is called a nebulae

58
Q

Protostar

A

denser cloud after nebulae

59
Q

Nuclear fusion

A

when atomic nuclei become joined together.

Forms helium

60
Q

red giants

A

When sun expands 200 or 300 times original size and cools down

61
Q

white dwarfs

A

Small sun
about 12000’C
Size of earth
cools off and disappears

62
Q

Constellation

A

grouped stars that resemble shape or object.

63
Q

Newtons second law of motion

A

mass of an object affects the way that it moves when acted upon by one or more forces

64
Q

Newtons third law of motion

A

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

65
Q

Biosphere

A

life support system of our planet.

Consists of atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biota.

66
Q

atmosphere

A

Made of troposphere and stratosphere.
stratosphere is 50km
Troposphere is 17km

67
Q

hydrosphere

A

Waters of planet make it up

68
Q

lithosphere

A

Earth’s rocky crust.

igneous sedimentary and metamorphic rocks made here

69
Q

Biodiversity

A

variation in the many different communities and their environments

70
Q

Species diversity

A

number of species within an ecosystem

71
Q

Mutation

A

change in genetic code inside the DNA

72
Q

Genetic drift

A

changes due to chance events

73
Q

Natural selection

A

strongest genetics survive.

Science (12 decks)

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