Geology

Question 1

Seismic waves

Answer 1

Waves produced by earthquake

Question 2

Mechanical layers of the earth

Answer 2

Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core

Question 3

Compositional layers

Answer 3

Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core

Question 4

Atmosphere

Answer 4

Blanket of gas surrounding earth to height of 145km. Mostly made up of nitrogen and oxygen

Question 5

Hydrosphere

Answer 5

Water on earth’s surface

Question 6

Crust

Answer 6

Included landforms, rocks and soils. Varies from thickness 5-70km. Thinness can be compared to as the skin of apple

Question 7

Mantle

Answer 7

Partially molten rock. Temp from 500-2000 degrees celcuis. About 2900km thick

Question 8

Outer core

Answer 8

Molten iron and nickel. Temp between 4000-6000 degrees celcius. About 2300km thick

Question 9

Inner core

Answer 9

Mostly iron. Solid due to extreme pressure. Temp up to 7000 degrees celcius. About 1200km thick

Question 10

Continental drift

Answer 10

Theory proposing continents float or drift on denser materials. Continents break apart and rejoin in process

Question 11

Pangae

Answer 11

Name of the continent when all continents were together.

Question 12

Panthalasia

Answer 12

Ocean that was surrounding pangae

Question 13

Continental crust

Answer 13

Makes up continents. 30-70km thick

Question 14

Oceanic crust

Answer 14

Under oceans

About 6 km thick

Question 15

Subduction

Answer 15

Oceanic crust pushed under continental crust

Question 16

Subduction zone

Answer 16

Zone where old oceanic crust pushed downwards towards mantle to form magma.

Question 17

Destructive plate boundaries

Answer 17

Boundary between converging plates

Question 18

Constructive plate boundaries

Answer 18

Boundary between divergent plates

Question 19

Ocean ridges

Answer 19

Plate boundaries underwater. New oceanic crust being created at oceanic plate boundary

Question 20

Conservative plate boundaries

Answer 20

Boundary between transform plates

Question 21

Converging plates

Answer 21

Plates moving towards from each other

Question 22

Divergent plates

Answer 22

Plates moving away from each other

Question 23

Transform plates

Answer 23

Plates that slip and slide against each other

Question 24

Hotspots

Answer 24

Where volcanoes form within plates.

Question 25

Folding

Answer 25

Process of folding and bending of layers of rock

Question 26

Anticlines

Answer 26

Folds that bend upwards

Question 27

Synclines

Answer 27

Folds that bend downwards

Question 28

Fault

Answer 28

When movement occurs along a crack on rock

Question 29

Rift valleys

Answer 29

Formed when a block of crust have dropped down between faults

Question 30

Horst

Answer 30

Block of crust pushed upwards from force created by rift valley

Question 31

Slip fault

Answer 31

If movement along a fault is sideways

Question 32

4 causes of earthquakes

Answer 32

Movements 700km under surface Pushing against each other in subduction zones Spreading apart at ocean ridges Plates slipping and sliding each other

Question 33

Epicentre

Answer 33

Point directly above where movement started under surface

Question 34

Focus

Answer 34

Point which earthquake begins

Question 35

Triangulation

Answer 35

Process using 3 different seismic stations to find epicentre

Question 36

Seismograph

Answer 36

Used to record movement in the earth

Question 37

Richer scale

Answer 37

Most used method of measuring strength of earthquakes. Is the measure of amount of energy released by earthquakes

Question 38

Microquake

Answer 38

Earthquake measuring 2.0 or less on ritcher scale

Question 39

3 types of waves

Answer 39

P-waves S-waves L-waves

Question 40

P-waves

Answer 40

Fastest seismic wave Travels in compression waves Is a body wave

Question 41

S-waves

Answer 41

Travel in transversal waves | Body wave

Question 42

L-wave

Answer 42

Is a surface wave | Slowest seismic wave

Question 43

Body wave

Answer 43

Seismic wave that travels through body of earth

Question 44

Surface wave

Answer 44

Seismic wave that travels on surface. | Responsible for most of damage created by earthquakes

Question 45

Seismologists

Answer 45

Scientists who measure earthquakes

Question 46

Tsunami

Answer 46

Giant wave created by an earthquake underwater

Question 47

DART

Answer 47

(Deep-ocean, Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis) Early warning system for tsunamis Sudden rises detected by buoys and sent to tsunami warning centres