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Geology Flashcards

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1
Q

Seismic waves

A

Waves produced by earthquake

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2
Q

Mechanical layers of the earth

A 
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core
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3
Q

Compositional layers

A

Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core

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4
Q

Atmosphere

A

Blanket of gas surrounding earth to height of 145km. Mostly made up of nitrogen and oxygen

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5
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Water on earth’s surface

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6
Q

Crust

A

Included landforms, rocks and soils. Varies from thickness 5-70km. Thinness can be compared to as the skin of apple

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7
Q

Mantle

A

Partially molten rock. Temp from 500-2000 degrees celcuis. About 2900km thick

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8
Q

Outer core

A

Molten iron and nickel. Temp between 4000-6000 degrees celcius. About 2300km thick

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9
Q

Inner core

A

Mostly iron. Solid due to extreme pressure. Temp up to 7000 degrees celcius. About 1200km thick

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10
Q

Continental drift

A

Theory proposing continents float or drift on denser materials. Continents break apart and rejoin in process

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11
Q

Pangae

A

Name of the continent when all continents were together.

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12
Q

Panthalasia

A

Ocean that was surrounding pangae

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13
Q

Continental crust

A

Makes up continents. 30-70km thick

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14
Q

Oceanic crust

A

Under oceans

About 6 km thick

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15
Q

Subduction

A

Oceanic crust pushed under continental crust

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16
Q

Subduction zone

A

Zone where old oceanic crust pushed downwards towards mantle to form magma.

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17
Q

Destructive plate boundaries

A

Boundary between converging plates

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18
Q

Constructive plate boundaries

A

Boundary between divergent plates

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19
Q

Ocean ridges

A

Plate boundaries underwater. New oceanic crust being created at oceanic plate boundary

20
Q

Conservative plate boundaries

A

Boundary between transform plates

21
Q

Converging plates

A

Plates moving towards from each other

22
Q

Divergent plates

A

Plates moving away from each other

23
Q

Transform plates

A

Plates that slip and slide against each other

24
Q

Hotspots

A

Where volcanoes form within plates.

25
Q

Folding

A

Process of folding and bending of layers of rock

26
Q

Anticlines

A

Folds that bend upwards

27
Q

Synclines

A

Folds that bend downwards

28
Q

Fault

A

When movement occurs along a crack on rock

29
Q

Rift valleys

A

Formed when a block of crust have dropped down between faults

30
Q

Horst

A

Block of crust pushed upwards from force created by rift valley

31
Q

Slip fault

A

If movement along a fault is sideways

32
Q

4 causes of earthquakes

A

Movements 700km under surface
Pushing against each other in subduction zones
Spreading apart at ocean ridges
Plates slipping and sliding each other

33
Q

Epicentre

A

Point directly above where movement started under surface

34
Q

Focus

A

Point which earthquake begins

35
Q

Triangulation

A

Process using 3 different seismic stations to find epicentre

36
Q

Seismograph

A

Used to record movement in the earth

37
Q

Richer scale

A

Most used method of measuring strength of earthquakes. Is the measure of amount of energy released by earthquakes

38
Q

Microquake

A

Earthquake measuring 2.0 or less on ritcher scale

39
Q

3 types of waves

A

P-waves
S-waves
L-waves

40
Q

P-waves

A

Fastest seismic wave
Travels in compression waves
Is a body wave

41
Q

S-waves

A

Travel in transversal waves

Body wave

42
Q

L-wave

A

Is a surface wave

Slowest seismic wave

43
Q

Body wave

A

Seismic wave that travels through body of earth

44
Q

Surface wave

A

Seismic wave that travels on surface.

Responsible for most of damage created by earthquakes

45
Q

Seismologists

A

Scientists who measure earthquakes

46
Q

Tsunami

A

Giant wave created by an earthquake underwater

47
Q

DART

A

(Deep-ocean, Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis)
Early warning system for tsunamis
Sudden rises detected by buoys and sent to tsunami warning centres

Science (12 decks)

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