Chemistry yr10

Question 1

Ions

Answer 1

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons therefore have electric charge

Question 2

Cations

Answer 2

Positively charged ions

Question 3

Anions

Answer 3

Negatively charged ions

Question 4

Ionic Compound

Answer 4

When atoms come in contact with each other and lose or gain electrons, between metals and non-metals

Question 5

Ionic bond

Answer 5

Oppositely charged ions attract each other and form a compound

Question 6

Ionic Compound Properties

Answer 6

Made up of positive and negative ions
solids at room temp
very high melting points because electrostatic force of attraction is very high
Dissolve in water into aqueous solutions
aqueous solutions usually conduct electricity

Question 7

First ten elements discovered

Answer 7

Carbon, sulfur, iron, copper, zinc, silver, tin, gold, mercury, and lead

Question 8

First person to arrange elements in numerical order

Answer 8

John Newlands

Question 9

Person who arranged elements into rows and columns

Answer 9

Mendeleev

Question 10

Periodic law

Answer 10

observation that physical and chemical properties of the elements recur at regular intervals when in correct arrangement

Question 11

Mendeleev’s achievements

Answer 11

found way to arrange elements into rows and columns
Called rows periods and columns groups
predicted Germanium 15 years before discovery

Question 12

Symbols

Answer 12

form of shorthand for writing names of elements

Question 13

Atom number

Answer 13

number of proton in an atom

Question 14

Mass number

Answer 14

sum of protons and neutrons in atom

Question 15

Weighted mean

Answer 15

average weight of atom

Question 16

8 families of periodic table and their groups

Answer 16

group 1: Alkali metals
group 2: alkaline earth metals
group 3-12: transitional metals
group 13-17: metalloids
group 17: halogens 
group 18: noble gases
Above metalloids: non-metals
under metalloids: metals

Question 17

alkali metals

Answer 17

React strongly with water

Question 18

halogens

Answer 18

Brightly coloured elements

Question 19

noble gases

Answer 19

Don’t react well

Question 20

common features in metals

Answer 20

Solid at room temp, except mercury
are lustre 
Good conductors
are malleable 
Are ductile
melt at high temps, except mercury which is -40

Question 21

Malleable

Answer 21

Can be folded into shapes without breaking

Question 22

ductile

Answer 22

Capable of being drawn out into wire or thread.

Question 23

non-metals at room temp

Answer 23

11 are gases
10 are solid
1 is liquid

Question 24

Common features of non-metals

Answer 24

aren’t lustre
Are brittle 
aren’t ductile
Poor conductors
melt at low temps
Most are gases at room temp

Question 25

Lustre

Answer 25

has a shiny surface

Question 26

acid and base reaction produces

Answer 26

Salt and water
type of salt produced depends on the reactant
Is a neutralisation reaction as +H ion reacts with -OH ion to form H2O

Question 27

molecules

Answer 27

Formed when atom comes in contact with another

Question 28

ways to increase reaction rate

Answer 28

Change amount of reactant and concentration of reactant
change temperature
Change surface area
use of a catalyst

Question 29

Catalyst

Answer 29

helps bonds to break more easily, therefore less energy needed by reactants
Always as much catalyst as before reaction then after
Are not changed by reaction

Question 30

zeolites

Answer 30

Crystalline substances made of aluminium, silicon and oxygen

used to break up large molecules in crude oil to smaller molecules (eg. Petrol > octane)

Question 31

Electrovalency

Answer 31

number of positive/negative charges on ion

Question 32

Molecular ions

Answer 32

complex negative ions

Question 33

Atom physical states

Answer 33

(S) solid
(L) liquid
(G) gas