paths 3 stage Flashcards
scientific knowledge is the result of
a trial and error process
educated conjecture that is only supossed to be a fact when the experiments have proved it.
scientific hypothesis
what happen if a hypothesis is capable of being proved correct but cannot be shown to be incorrect
is not scientific
research method
process of steps to follow that leads us to produce explanations with higher grade of certainty
qualiative and quantitative methods can be used
in expermiental and social sciences
what are the constants any research needs to produce scientific knowledge
- each of the scientific disciplines raises different questions
- the way that seek to achieve scientific knowledge must conform the principles of logic
- every method of scientific research must also draw on experience, observation and experimentation.
fundamental elements for scientific research
Logic and experience
on what focuses research in experimental sciences
finding the relationship between a cause and a consequence for a particular phenomenon. to identify the relationship between 2 variables, one in course of qan experiment controlled by the researcher
first researcher to apply a scientific approach with well defined steps was
galileo Galilei he used the scientific method of resolving-composing
steps of experimental scientific method according to galileo
- -observation
- formulation of an explanatory hypothesis
- Deduction (crucial)
- experimentation
what are the 3 types of hypothesis according to Galileo
metaphysical hypotheses: cannot be verified because they are atributed to unknown forces
the hypothesis that arise to adapt them to a situation and may present logical contradictions
Deductive hypothesis: adress the logical coherence
steps to carry out any scientific method of experimental research
- question must be stated without ambiguity
- had a control over part of the research
a) independent: element that the researcher manipulates directly.
b) dependent: element which we seek to intervene without intetionally modifying it
- had a control over part of the research
- the approach allows us to formulate a hypothesis before perfoming the experiment.
approaches of experimental scientific method
exploration and field practices
descriptive approach
documentary inquiry
exploration and field practices
visits to places where you can observe certain phenomena, the purpose is to obtain data and observations directly
descriptive approach
focus o n one of the variables of the research problem
documentary inquiry
it is necessary to know antecedents about the problem (bibliographic and documentary sources)
stages of the experimental scientific method
observation statement of the problem hypothesis experimentation analysis and conclusions
stages of the experimental scientific method
observation
find a problem or event that you want to explain
stages of the experimental scientific method
statement of the problem
define the specific questions of the problem to investigate
theoretical framework
stages of the experimental scientific method
hypothesis
analyze the consequences of possible explanations
generate tentative answers or póssible explanations
independent and dependent variables
stages of the experimental scientific method
experimentation
design expermients to confirm or refute possible explanations and obtain results
analysis and conclusions
make judgements base on the study of the results
functions of the theoretical framework
it broadens the description of the problem
it delimits the scope of the research
it expresses theories and concepts of authors
it helps sort the observations
