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CIDEB semestre 1 > paths 1er parcial > Flashcards

paths 1er parcial Flashcards

1
Q

What is knowledge?

A

information that the human being obtains from reality

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2
Q

episteme

A

knowledge

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3
Q

logos

A

reason

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4
Q

epistemology

A

gives reason about the nature and validity of knowledge
the knowledge of knowledge
studies the scientific research and its product, the scientific knowledge

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5
Q

empiricism

A

the source of knowledge is experience

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6
Q

rationalism

A

the foundation of knowledge are reason and human thought

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7
Q

rationalist thinker

A

rene descartes

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8
Q

how descartes thinks?

A

assured that everything that the individual’s rationality provides is the bases of any knowledge

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9
Q

empiricist thinker

A

john locke and george berkeley

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10
Q

how locke thinks?

A

any idea must come from expierence or must be linked to it to be reliable

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11
Q

how george berkeley thinks?

A

he wents to the extremes of empiricism, dennied that anything existed if the individual didn’t experienced it

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12
Q

current symbol of empiricism

A

david hume

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13
Q

how david hume thinks?

A

show that the reason is not enough and that the expierence we have in the world is limited

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14
Q

what did david hume proposed?

A

a new concept based on the expierence, skepticism

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15
Q

describe skepticism

A

although we accept ideas based on the expierence, this expierence is very particular and does not account for all reality but a part of it , no knowledge can be entirely reliable

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16
Q

with the empiricist foundations ….

A

the empirical knowldege survived

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17
Q

with the rationalist foundations….

A

the analytical knowledge survived

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18
Q

empirical knowledge

A

happens with the experience, is perceived with the senses, can occur in everyday life, provoked,repeat the experience

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19
Q

analytical knowledge

A

is the result of the analysis of the causes and effects of a phenomenon

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20
Q

the philosopher that explained the methaphor of rationalists or empiricists

A

Francis bacon “It is not about spiders or ants, but about bees”

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21
Q

explain the metaphor of bacon

A

rationalists like spiders weave their fabric from the substance they produce , beautiful but empty, empiricists like ants collect evrything they come across without distinction, but the work of the bees that collect the best nectar and with their ability produce honey.

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22
Q

who postulated the materialism

A

karl marx

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23
Q

materialism

A

tells us that reality is mental and material and that knowledge is obtained through reason and experience when analyzing the changes in the world

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24
Q

inference

A

where the conclusion we reach derives from logical relation between ideas

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25
Q

methods by which our thinking makes inferences

A

deductive and inductive methods

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26
Q

deductive method

A

we analyze the object/phenomenon to understan each of its parts, to achieve a complete and detailed explanation

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27
Q

inductive method

A

starts with the observations of particular facts that we relate to a general conclusion

28
Q

first attempt to explain reality from what was closest to people

A

myths

29
Q

physis philosophers / philosophers of nature

A

greek philosophers who studied nature and its foundations,they began to investigate only to obtain a greater understanding

30
Q

explain the 4 conclusions of the philosophers of physis

A
  1. -nature, could not have another order because it would end in chaos, the order its perfect and necessary
    • the beings of nature occupy an specific place and function.
    • nature is not inert it is dynamic
    • when all the components of nature work according to the order, each part functions as it should
31
Q

what did the philosophers conclude

A

it was only possible to describe the order already given by nature

32
Q

thales of miletus:

A

the arche is the principle of all things (water)

33
Q

what caused the increased in experiments in science

A

the model of nicolas copernicus, where the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun

34
Q

empedocles of agrigento:

A

inductive and deductive thoughts. 4 elements in constant movement

35
Q

democritus:

A

the existance of an essential element/ existence of an atom

36
Q

aristotle:

A

discovered mammals. formulated the geocentric theory . he added to the elements the moon

37
Q

aristarchus

A

he proposed the heliocentric trheory

38
Q

claudius ptolemy

A

all celestial bodies have circular orbits. calculate the dimensions of the sun and the moon . 1028 stars

39
Q

nicolaus copernicus

A

retake the proposal of the heliocentric theory and perfection it

40
Q

galileo galilei

A

first in using the reflecting telescope. discovered the laws of accelerated motion

41
Q

robert boyle

A

first experiments of transformation of ,matter. ptoposes the particles

42
Q

isaac newton

A

theory of force or universal gravitation.

43
Q

john dalton

A

proposed that all things are made up of atoms that create molecules

44
Q

charles darwin

A

the origin of species, theory of biological revolution

45
Q

louis pasteur

A

refutes the theory of spontaneous generation

46
Q

gregory mendel

A

study the laws of genetic inheritance

47
Q

marie curie

A

discovered the radioactive elements

48
Q

albert einstein

A

publishes theory of special relativity. quantumly photo electric effect

49
Q

niels bohr

A

presents his model of the atom

50
Q

this type of knowledge is based on documentary experimental and research

A

scientific knowledge

51
Q

characteristics of scientific knowledge

A

its rational because its based on logical principles
its systematic because its related to other disciplines
its methodical because its necessarily requires a method.

52
Q

this kind of knowledge is based on the reserach of reality of various human phenomena

A

philosophical knowledge

53
Q

is the knowledge that we empirically acquire throught our lives

A

daily knowledge

54
Q

knowledge that makes beliefs about the creation of the work or how reality works

A

mythical knowledge

55
Q

this knowledge as the sets of beliefs that a human cultural group shares about an absolute divinity

A

religious knowledge

56
Q

characteristics of philosophical knowledge

A

requires rational reflexive, critical and creative attitude

57
Q

characteristics of daily knowledge

A

based on trial and error

58
Q

characteristics of mythical knowledge

A

it can’t be verified, does not investigate or doubt about given explanations

59
Q

characteristic of religious knowledge

A

are based on faith, is not given by a logical conviction

60
Q

formal sciences

A

are concerned with creating a logical and mathematical entities

61
Q

factual sciences

A

takes as an object of study directly the objects and facts of reality

62
Q

characteristics of factual sciences

A 
scientific knowledge is factual 
is verifiable 
is systematic 
is predictive 
is analytical 
is specialized 
is methodical 
is explanatory 
is useful
63
Q

study time line of ages

A

in prezi

64
Q

examples of formal sciences

A

logic

math

65
Q

examples of factual sciences

A

natural: physics, biology, chemistry
social: ´psychology, sociology,economy, political,

CIDEB semestre 1 (11 decks)

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