paths 1er parcial Flashcards
What is knowledge?
information that the human being obtains from reality
episteme
knowledge
logos
reason
epistemology
gives reason about the nature and validity of knowledge
the knowledge of knowledge
studies the scientific research and its product, the scientific knowledge
empiricism
the source of knowledge is experience
rationalism
the foundation of knowledge are reason and human thought
rationalist thinker
rene descartes
how descartes thinks?
assured that everything that the individual’s rationality provides is the bases of any knowledge
empiricist thinker
john locke and george berkeley
how locke thinks?
any idea must come from expierence or must be linked to it to be reliable
how george berkeley thinks?
he wents to the extremes of empiricism, dennied that anything existed if the individual didn’t experienced it
current symbol of empiricism
david hume
how david hume thinks?
show that the reason is not enough and that the expierence we have in the world is limited
what did david hume proposed?
a new concept based on the expierence, skepticism
describe skepticism
although we accept ideas based on the expierence, this expierence is very particular and does not account for all reality but a part of it , no knowledge can be entirely reliable
with the empiricist foundations ….
the empirical knowldege survived
with the rationalist foundations….
the analytical knowledge survived
empirical knowledge
happens with the experience, is perceived with the senses, can occur in everyday life, provoked,repeat the experience
analytical knowledge
is the result of the analysis of the causes and effects of a phenomenon
the philosopher that explained the methaphor of rationalists or empiricists
Francis bacon “It is not about spiders or ants, but about bees”
explain the metaphor of bacon
rationalists like spiders weave their fabric from the substance they produce , beautiful but empty, empiricists like ants collect evrything they come across without distinction, but the work of the bees that collect the best nectar and with their ability produce honey.
who postulated the materialism
karl marx
materialism
tells us that reality is mental and material and that knowledge is obtained through reason and experience when analyzing the changes in the world
inference
where the conclusion we reach derives from logical relation between ideas
methods by which our thinking makes inferences
deductive and inductive methods
deductive method
we analyze the object/phenomenon to understan each of its parts, to achieve a complete and detailed explanation
inductive method
starts with the observations of particular facts that we relate to a general conclusion
first attempt to explain reality from what was closest to people
myths
physis philosophers / philosophers of nature
greek philosophers who studied nature and its foundations,they began to investigate only to obtain a greater understanding
explain the 4 conclusions of the philosophers of physis
- -nature, could not have another order because it would end in chaos, the order its perfect and necessary
- the beings of nature occupy an specific place and function.
- nature is not inert it is dynamic
- when all the components of nature work according to the order, each part functions as it should
what did the philosophers conclude
it was only possible to describe the order already given by nature
thales of miletus:
the arche is the principle of all things (water)
what caused the increased in experiments in science
the model of nicolas copernicus, where the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun
empedocles of agrigento:
inductive and deductive thoughts. 4 elements in constant movement
democritus:
the existance of an essential element/ existence of an atom
aristotle:
discovered mammals. formulated the geocentric theory . he added to the elements the moon
aristarchus
he proposed the heliocentric trheory
claudius ptolemy
all celestial bodies have circular orbits. calculate the dimensions of the sun and the moon . 1028 stars
nicolaus copernicus
retake the proposal of the heliocentric theory and perfection it
galileo galilei
first in using the reflecting telescope. discovered the laws of accelerated motion
robert boyle
first experiments of transformation of ,matter. ptoposes the particles
isaac newton
theory of force or universal gravitation.
john dalton
proposed that all things are made up of atoms that create molecules
charles darwin
the origin of species, theory of biological revolution
louis pasteur
refutes the theory of spontaneous generation
gregory mendel
study the laws of genetic inheritance
marie curie
discovered the radioactive elements
albert einstein
publishes theory of special relativity. quantumly photo electric effect
niels bohr
presents his model of the atom
this type of knowledge is based on documentary experimental and research
scientific knowledge
characteristics of scientific knowledge
its rational because its based on logical principles
its systematic because its related to other disciplines
its methodical because its necessarily requires a method.
this kind of knowledge is based on the reserach of reality of various human phenomena
philosophical knowledge
is the knowledge that we empirically acquire throught our lives
daily knowledge
knowledge that makes beliefs about the creation of the work or how reality works
mythical knowledge
this knowledge as the sets of beliefs that a human cultural group shares about an absolute divinity
religious knowledge
characteristics of philosophical knowledge
requires rational reflexive, critical and creative attitude
characteristics of daily knowledge
based on trial and error
characteristics of mythical knowledge
it can’t be verified, does not investigate or doubt about given explanations
characteristic of religious knowledge
are based on faith, is not given by a logical conviction
formal sciences
are concerned with creating a logical and mathematical entities
factual sciences
takes as an object of study directly the objects and facts of reality
characteristics of factual sciences
scientific knowledge is factual is verifiable is systematic is predictive is analytical is specialized is methodical is explanatory is useful
study time line of ages
in prezi
examples of formal sciences
logic
math
examples of factual sciences
natural: physics, biology, chemistry
social: ´psychology, sociology,economy, political,
