Pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder & Pharmacology of Anti-Manic Agents Flashcards
T or F BPD is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings including emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression)
T
What type of BPD is characterized by severe manic episodes often with depressive episodes
Bipolar 1
What type of BPD is characterized by Hypomanic episodes with major depressive episodes
Bipolar 2
What is cyclothymia
milder mood swings
T or F BPD is seen more in men than women
False there is no significant gender difference
What is the onset of BPD
< 30 years old
What is a neurotransmitter imbalances
dysregulation of serotonin dopamine and norepinephrine
what genetics factors effect BPD
High heritability; specific genes implicated (e.g., CACNA1C, ANK3)
heritability estimates 60-80%
what is neuroplasticity
structural brain changes particularly in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala
what are environmental triggers of BPD
stressful life events trauma and substance abuse
Dopamine is responsible for
A. Alertness
B.concentration
C. Satisfaction
A. Alertness
clarity ambiguity motivation hyper working memory passive
norepinephrine is responsible for
A. Alertness
B.concentration
C. Satisfaction
B. certainty doubt determination obsessions recall memory dementia
serotonin is responsible for
A. Alertness
B.concentration
C. Satisfaction
C. relaxation insomnia pleasure anxiety learning memory and disability
Dopamine and Norepinephrine is responsible for
A. attention
B.appetite
C. Endurance
A.
Dopamine and serotonin is responsible for
A. attention
B.appetite
C. Endurance
B
serotonin and Norepinephrine is responsible for
A. attention
B.appetite
C. Endurance
C
what is neurogenesis
Reduced neurogenesis in the hippocampus has been observed in bipolar disorder, which may contribute to cognitive deficits and mood dysregulation
Manic episodes manifestations
Euphoria/elation, irritability/anger, impulsive high risk behavior, aggressive, grandiose ideas, decrease sleep and appetite, difficulty concentrating, delusions, flight of ideas, hallucinations
what are mixed episodes
symptoms of both mania and depression
T or F: Lithium modulates neurotransmitter release and stabilizes mood
T
T or F: lithium is not effective for acute mania and long term mood stabilization
F (it is effective)
What are the SE of lithium
tremor weight gain thyroid dysfunction renal impairment
What are the mechanisms of lithium
depletion of PIP2 and associated signaling (IP3 and PKC)
-modulate GSK3 (Phosphorylation and binding partners)
Name the Anticonvulsants used for BPD
Valproic Acid and Sodium Valproate
