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NE3 > Pathophysiology for Endocrine > Flashcards

Pathophysiology for Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What would lab results show in primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

high PTH
high serum Ca2+
low serum Pi
high vitamin D (active form)

hypercalcemia & hypophosphatemia (due to tumor on parathyroid gland so keeps producing PTH)

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2
Q

What would lab results show in 21B hydroxylase deficiency?

A

low cortisol
low mineralcorticoids
high androgens
high ACTH

extreme sexual characteristics, hyperkalemia & hypoglycemia

**most common enzyme deficiency

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3
Q

What would lab results show in 11B hydroxylase deficiency?

A 
high mineralcorticoids (DOC)
low cortisol
low aldosterone
high androgens
high ACTH

**still have mineralcorticoids that increase Na+ reabsorb & increase K+ & H+ secretion (hypokalemia)

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4
Q

What would lab results show in 17alpha hydroxylase deficiency?

A

low androgens
low cortisol
high aldosterone
high ACTH

excess mineralcorticoids can cause increase in BP & hypokalemia

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5
Q

What would lab results show in primary hypercortisolism?

A

high cortisol
low ACTH
low CRH

due to overproduction of cortisol by adrenal gland (ACHT independent) so still get negative feedback of cortisol on pituitary

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6
Q

What would lab results show in secondary hypercortisolism?

A

high cortisol
high ACTH
low CRH

hyperpigmentation due to increased ACTH

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7
Q

What would lab results show in primary cortisol deficiency?

A

adrenal gland insufficiency:

low cortisol
low aldosterone
high CRH
high ACTH
hyperpigmentation
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8
Q

What would lab results show with steroid administration (exogenous glucocorticoids)?

A

low CRH
low ACTH
low cortisol

**w/ symptoms of excess

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9
Q

What would lab results show in secondary cortisol deficiency?

A

low cortisol
low ACTH
high CRH
normal aldosterone

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10
Q

What is the cause of Cushing’s disease? What would the lab results show?

A

pituitary tumor

high cortisol
high ACTH
low CRH

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11
Q

What is the cause of Addison’s disease?

A

primary adrenal insufficiency

autoimmune destruction of all zones of adrenal cortex (decreased synthesis of all hormones from cortex)

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12
Q

What would lab results show in primary hyperaldosteronism?

A

high aldosterone
low plasma renin

hypertension, hypokalemia

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13
Q

What is another name for primary hyperaldosteronism?

A

Conn’s syndrome (excessive release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex…issue @ zona glomerulosa)

CoNNNNNN (extra Na+)

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14
Q

What would lab results show in secondary hyperaldosteronism?

A

high aldosterone
high plasma renin

hypertension, hypokalemia (due to excessive renin secretion by juxtaglomerular cells in kidney)

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15
Q

What would lab results show in hypoaldosteronism?

A

low aldosterone
low plasma Na+
hypotension

*if affects glucocorticoid synthesis, will lead to decrease in cortisol production & cause increase in ACTH (hyperpigmentation)

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16
Q

What would lab results show if pt has pheochromocytoma?

A

adrenal medulla tumor that causes increase in production of catecholamines

high epi
high norepi

headaches, palpitations, sweating, hypertension

17
Q

What can block synthesis of thyroid hormone & at which part of the process?

A

Perchlorate & Thiocynate: NIS (Na+ & I- co transport)

PTU: blocks all steps catalyzed by peroxidase (1st blocks organification of I)

Diodinase: mimics dietary I- deficiency b/c blocks recycling of MIT & DIT

mutation in PDS gene: affects Pendrin channel would block transport of I2 into lumen of follicle

18
Q

What is Wolff-Chaikoff syndrome?

A

effect of high I- levels that inhibits organification & synthesis of thyroid hormones

19
Q

What would lab results show with high TBG?

When would you see high TBG?

A

increased T4
decreased T3 resin uptake

occurs in pregnancy

20
Q

What would lab results show with low TBG?

When would you see low TBG?

A

decreased T4
increased T3 resin uptake

hepatic failure

21
Q

What would lab results show in Grave’s disease?

A

high serum T4/T3
low TSH
circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobs*

goiter & exopthalmos

pregnancy

22
Q

What would lab results show in Hashimoto’s?

A

low serum T4/T3
high TSH
circulating TRG or TPO antibodies (impairs thyroid hormone synthesis)

goiter

23
Q

What would lab results show in I- deficiency?

A

low serum T4/T3
high TSH

goiter

24
Q

What would lab results show in Sheehan syndrome?

A

symptoms of hypothyroidism (disease of pituitary gland that blocks TSH secretion): low T4/T3 and low TSH

NO goiter b/c no TSH (pt also presents w/ issue in lactation, amenorrhea, etc)

25
Q

What would lab results show in primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

high PTH
high serum Ca2+
low serum Pi
high vitamin D

adenoma on parathyroid gland causes unregulated secretion of PTH

hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia

26
Q

What would lab results show in secondary hyperparathryoidism? (if due to renal failure)

A

high PTH
low Ca2+
high Pi
low vitamin D

27
Q

What would lab results show in secondary hyperparathyroidism? (if due to vit D deficiency)

A

high PTH
low serum Ca2+
low serum Pi
low vitamin D

28
Q

What would lab results show in hypoparathyroidism?

A

low PTH
low serum Ca2+
high serum Pi
low vitamin D

hypocalcemia & hyperphosphatemia

29
Q

What would lab results show in vitamin D deficiency?

A 
high PTH
low Ca2+
low Pi (serum)
high Pi & cAMP (in urine)
low active & precursor vit D in serum
30
Q

What would lab results show in pseudo-hypoparathyroidism type 1a

A

high PTH
low Ca2+
high Pi
low vitamin D

PTH resistance (PTH cannot work @ its receptor to induce translation of its message via AC in bone & kidney cells)

31
Q

What would lab results show in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy?

A

low PTH
high Ca2+
low Pi
low vitamin D

tumor makes PTHrP that mimics PTH so leads to increase in Ca2+ that negatively feeds back onto endogenous PTH levels

32
Q

What would lab results show in hypocalciuric hypercalcemia?

A

normal PTH
high serum Ca2+
low urine Ca2+
normal Pi & vitamin D

CaSR on PTH gland & in kidney can’t sense changes in Ca2+ so thinks that Ca2+ is low

33
Q

What can cause issues in vitamin D metabolism?

A

dietary deficiency of vitamin D

deficit in synthesis of active vitamin D (no 1 alpha hydroxylase)

vitamin D resistance (@ its receptor)

34
Q

What would lab results show in rickets?

A

low Ca2+ & low Pi

depends if @ 1 alpha hydroxylase or vitamin D receptor

35
Q

What would lab results show in osteomalacia?

A

low Ca2+ & low Pi

bone pain/muscle weakness
bone tenderness
fracture
muscle spasms

36
Q

What would lab results show for a pt with an ectopic-ACTH secreting tumor?

A

high cortisol
low ACTH (coming from pit)
low CRH

NO hyperpigmentation

NE3 (17 decks)

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