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NE3 > DSA Olfaction and Gustation > Flashcards

DSA Olfaction and Gustation Flashcards

1
Q

What might the Umami taste help ID?

A

amino acids

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2
Q

Where are olfactory receptors found for CN1

A

in olfactory mucosa of the superior portion of the nasal cavity

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3
Q

What houses odorant receptors?

A

non-motile cilia of the Olfactory receptor neuron–they are GPCRs (ligands)

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4
Q

What layer of the olfactory system holds many immune cells?

A

Lamina Propria (direct environment exposure)

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5
Q

What layer of the olfactory system turns over every 30-60 days?

A

Basal cells

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6
Q

What is activated once a ligand binds to the GPCR of an ORN?

A

Adenyl Cyclase–increase in cAMP—binds ion channels causing an inc Ca and Na influx—depolarization and AP

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7
Q

Describe the layers of the Olfactory Bulb?

A

Granule- granule cells (principle interneurons), regulation of other cells; release GABA

Mitral cell- bodies/axons of tufted cells-carry sensory info: receive aff signals from ORN of Glomerulus and then send off transmissions

External Plexiform- Dendrites of tufted, mitral, and granule cells–cross communication: granules interact with others via GABA with inhibits their activity

Glomerular- where aff info is transmitted form the environment; release GABA

Olfactory Nerve- axons of ORNs…. release Glutamate (excitatory)

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8
Q

What is the job of Centrifugal fibers?

A

Help regulate feedback loops–coming through the Anterior Commissure

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9
Q

What components make up the Olfactory Tract?

A

Lateral OT
cells of the Ant. Ol Nucleus
Fibers from Ant limb of the Ant. Commissure

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10
Q

What can stimulate Granule cells?

A

Centrifugal fibers—-causing a inh of Mitral and Tufted

Mitral and ORNs are antagonized by periglomerular cells—playing an important roll in ‘getting used to smells’

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11
Q

What receives afferent info from Lateral OT, and is mainly responsible for sending efferent info back to the bulb, then onward to other areas of the cortex?

A

The Anterior Olfactory nucleus

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12
Q

Where does the Olfactory cortex lie in the brain?

A

Paleocortex

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13
Q

What are the hippocampus and DM thalamic nucleus part of?

A

Neocortex- discrimination of id of odors

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14
Q

What does the oribtofrontal cortex do?

A

helps integrate olfaction, taste, and other food cues to help hemans experience flavor + enjoy food

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15
Q

What innervates the taste buds of thee soft palate?

A

Greater Superficial Petrosal N. (branch of CN7)

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16
Q

What do taste sensation fibers run to from CN7? and continue to?

A

Geniculate Gangila— to the Rostral Silitary Nucleus (Gustatory)

17
Q

Name the synaptic path for Central Taste

A

synapse in Solitary—(ips Central Tegmental Tract) parvicellular Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus VPMpc— Frontal Operculum and Ant. Insular Cortex (still ips- Post. limb of IC)—Becomes “Rostral area of Brodmann 3b”(part of postcentral gyrus)

18
Q

What part of the tongue would CN9 innervate? CN10?

A

Vallate papillae and Posterior Foliate papillae taste buds

tbs of epiglottis and esophagus

19
Q

What is Ageusia?

A

complete taste loss

20
Q

What is parageusia/dysgeusia?

A

alteration of the perception of taste (commonly from drugs)

21
Q

What would nasal polyps cause?

A

hyposomia (non-cancerous)

22
Q

What are the layers (major cells) of the olfactory epithelium?

A

lamina propria (immune cells)

basal cells (stem cells for ORN)

olfactory receptor neurons (dendrites in mucus & axons up to bulb)

support cells

brush cells (columnar ciliated cells)

mucus

23
Q

What is essential for trapping of odorants?

A

mucus

24
Q

Where is information from the environment transmitted to the olfactory bulb?

A

olfactory glomeruli

25
Q

What is the result of odor information into lateral hypothalamus?

A

body responds w/ feeding behavior

26
Q

What is the result of odor information into hhippocampus?

A

input linked to learning & behavior

27
Q

What sense is not sent to the thalamus for primary processing?

A

smell !!!

28
Q

What can a tumor in the internal acoustic meatus cause (aka vestibular schwanomma)?

A

loss of tase in ant 2/3 tongue if hits chorda tympani

ipsilateral facial paralysis

NE3 (17 decks)

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