Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine Lectures Important Points > Pathophysiology and management of T2DM > Flashcards

Pathophysiology and management of T2DM Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things lead to insulin resistance?

A

Genetic predisposition

Obesity lifestyle factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does early beat-cell failure cause?

A

Impaired glucose tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does late Beta-cell failure lead to?

A

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the omnious octet associated with hyperglycaemia?

A 
Decreased:
-Incretin effect
-Insulin secretion
-Glucose uptake
Increased:
-Glucagon secretion
-Hepatic glucose production
-Lipolysis
-Gluose reabsorption
Neurotransmitter dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens to risk of T2DM with increasing BMI?

A

Also increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who has increased risk of T2DM?

A

Women

Asian people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What contributes to susceptibilty of developing T2DM?

A

Genetic component
Foetal environment
Postnatal nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What adaptation is involved in the development of T2DM?

A

Beta-cell mass expansion

Insulin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is involved in beta cell failure?

A

Glucolipotoxicity
Oxidative stress
ER stress
De-differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is strongly associated with the development of macrovascular complications?

A

Insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is CV risk treated?

A

Statins

Anti-hypertensives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can lead to hypoglycaemia in patients with T2DM?

A

Tight glycaemic control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If a patient is symptomatic how may they be diagnosed?

A

Single blood test
RBG > 11.1
FBG >7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If a patient is NOT symptomatic how may they be diagnosed?

A

Repeat test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is T2DM treated initially?

A

Lifestyle and dietary advice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the first line drug for T2DM?

A

Metformin

500mg-> 1000mg

17
Q

How does metformin work?

A

Decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis

Increasing peripheral glucose

18
Q

Does metformin cause hypoglycemia?

A

No

19
Q

What are some side effects of metformin?

A

GI side effects

Lactic acidosis

20
Q

What is HbA1c?

A

Measure of glucose control of a patient over 3 months

21
Q

What are the SIGN guidlines for normal HbA1c?

A

<48

22
Q

What could cause failure to reach HbA1c targets?

A 
Young
Female
Obese
Not at BP targets
Poor adherance
Reluctance to intensify treatment
HbA1c
23
Q

What is the 2nd line treatment for diabetes?

A

Sulphonylurea

24
Q

How do sulphonylureas work?

A

By blocking beta-cell Katp channel and increasing insulin secretion

25
Q

What are some side effects of sulphonylureas?

A

Weight gain
Hypoglycaemia
Abnormal LFTs
Increased risk of chronic heart disease

26
Q

What is Glitazone?

A

PPARy activator

27
Q

How does glitazone work?

A

Increasing peripheral glucose uptake

28
Q

What are side effects of glitazone?

A

Weight gain
Increased fracture risk
Hepatotoxicity
Fluid retention

Endocrine Lectures Important Points (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions