Introduction to endocrine Flashcards
How is specificity of signalling achieved?
Chemically distinct hormones
Specific receptors
Distinct distribution of receptors
What are 2 examples of amino acid hormones?
Adrenaline
Thyroid hormone
How are amino acid hormones made, stored and released?
Pre-synthesized
Stored in vesicles
Secreted in response to Ca2+ dependent exocytosis
Are amino acids hydrophillic or hydrophobic?
Hydrophyllic
What are all steroid hormones derived from?
Cholesterol
What are 3 examples of steroid hormone?
Cortisol
Testosterone
Progesterone
How are steroid hormones made, stored and released?
Synthesized and secreted on demand
T/F only biologically active steroids can cross the capillary wall?
True
What are 3 examples of peptide hormones?
ACTH
ADH
Oxytocin
How are peptide hormones made, stored and released?
Pre-synthesised
Stored in vesicles
Released in response to Ca2+ dependent exocytosis
What is an example of a protein hormone?
Insulin
How are protein hormones made and stored?
Pre-synthesized from longer precursors
Stored in vesicles
How is plasma concentration calculated?
PC= Rate of secretion - rate of elimination
How many classes of nuclear receptor are there?
3
What activates class 1 nuclear receptors?
Steroids
Where are class 1 nuclear receptors found?
Cytoplasm
Bound to HSPs
What activates class 2 nuclear receptor?
Activated by lipids
Where are class 2 nuclear receptors found?
Nucleus
What activates hybrid nuclear receptors?
Thyroid hormone and others
What activates GCPR?
Amines
Proteins and peptides
What activates receptor kinases?
Proteins and peptides
What kind of response occurs when a hormone binds to its cognate receptor?
Biological
