What is diabetes? Flashcards by K M | Brainscape

Q

What is T1DM?

A

Absolute insulin deficiency

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Q

What causes T1DM?

A

Autoimmune Beta cell destruction

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Q

What is insulinitis?

A

Lymphocytic infiltrate in Beta cells

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Q

What is T2DM?

A

Relative insulin deficiency

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Q

When does gestational diabetes present?

A

2nd or 3rd trimester

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Q

What is gestational diabetes?

A

Any degree of glucose intolerance arising or diagnosed during pregnancy

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Q

What are 4 characteristics of MODY?

A

Strong FHx

Young onset

GAD -ve

+ve C-peptide

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Q

What are 5 other causes of diabetes?

A

Pancreatic disease

Endocrine

Drugs

Insulin and insulin receptor abnormalities

Genetic disease

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Q

What pancreatic diseases can cause diabetes?

A

Pancreatitis

Haemochromotosis

Cystic fibrosis

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Q

What endocrine diseases can cause diabetes?

A

Cushings

Acromegaly

Glucagonoma

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Q

What drugs can cause diabetes?

A

Glucocorticoids

Beta blockers

Diuretics

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Q

What genetic abnormalities can cause diabetes?

A

Cystic fibrosis

Myotonic dystrophy

Turner’s syndrome

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Q

How is diabetes diagnosed?

A

HBA1c>48

Fasting glucose >7

RBG >11.1

2 hr OGTT >11.1

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Q

What is normal fasting blood glucose?

A

6.1 mmol/l

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Q

Who should be tested for T2DM?

A

1st degree relative Hx

High risk race

Hypertension

HDL Cholesterol low

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Q

What are symptoms of diabetes mellitus?

A

Thirst

Polyuria

Thrush

Weakness

Fatigue

Blurred vision

Infections

Weight loss

Neuropathy

Retinopathy

Q

What are some useful investigations for T1DM?

A

Autoimmune markers:

Islet cell autoantibodies
Autoantibodies to GAD65
Autoantibodies to Insulin
The tyrosine phosphatases
IA-2
IA-2B
ZnT8

Q

A