Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine Lectures Important Points > Microvascular complications of Diabetes > Flashcards

Microvascular complications of Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 macrovascular complications of diabetes?

A

IHD

Stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 3 microvascular complications of diabetes?

A

Neuropathy
Nephropathy
Retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 3 other chronic complications of diabetes?

A

Cognitive dysfunction/Dementia
Erectile dysfunction
Psychiatric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 types of neuropathy?

A

Peripheral
Autonomic
Proximal
Focal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is peripheral neuropathy?

A

Pain/loss of feeling in hands and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is autonomic neuropathy?

A 
Changes in bowel/bladder function
Sexual response
Sweating
Heart rate
Blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is proximal neuropathy?

A

Pain in the thighs, hips or buttocks leading to weakness in the legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is focal neuropathy?

A

Sudden weakness in one nerve or a group of nerves causing muscle weakness or pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the risk factors for neuropathy?

A 
Increased length of diabetes
Poor glycaemic control
T1DM
High cholestrol
Smoking
Alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy?

A 
Numbness/insensitivity
Tingling/burning
Sharp pains or cramps
Sensitivity to touch
Loss of balance and coordination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the complications of peripheral neuropathy?

A

Charcot foot
Painless trauma
Foot ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the treatment for painful neuropathy?

A 
Amitriptyline
Duloxetine
Gabapentin
Pregabalin
Topical capsaicin ream
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the symptoms of focal neuropathy?

A 
Inability to focus eye
Double vision
Aching behind eye
Bell's palsy
Pain in thigh/chest/lower back
Pain on outside of foot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who is proximal neuropathy common in?

A

Elderly people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 2 features of proximal neuropathy?

A

Proximal muscle weakness

Marked weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does autonomic neuropathy affect?

A

The nerves regulating heart rate and blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What GI effects does autonomic neuropathy have?

A

Gastric slowing/frequency
Constipation/Diarrhoea
Gastroparesis

18
Q

How can gastroparesis be treated?

A 
Smaller food portions
Low fat
Low fibre
Pro-motility drugs
NSAIDs
19
Q

What are some diagnostic tests for neuropathy?

A

Nerve conduction studies or electromyography
Heart rate variability
Ultrasound
Gastric emptying studies

20
Q

What is diabetic nephropathy?

A

Progressive kidney disease caused by damage to the capillaries in the kidney glomeruli

21
Q

How is diabetic nephropathy typically characterised?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

Scarring of the glomeruli

22
Q

What are 2 other names for diabetic nephropathy?

A

Kimmelsteil-wilson syndrome

Glomerulosclerosis

23
Q

What can diabetic nephropathy lead to the development of?

A

Hypertension
Decline in renal function
Accelerated vascular disease

24
Q

What can be used to screen for diabetic kidney disease?

A

Urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR)

25
Q

What are 5 risk factors for nephrotic progression?

A 
Hypertension
Cholesterol
Smoking
Glycaemic control
Albuminuria
26
Q

What treatment should be given to patients with microalbuminuria or proteinuria?

A

ACE inhibitor

ARB

27
Q

What 3 eye conditions are people with diabetes at risk of?

A

Diabetic retinopathy
Cataracts
Glaucoma

28
Q

How many stages of diabetic retinopathy are there?

A

Mild non-proliferative
Moderate non-proliferative
Severe non-proliferative
Proliferative

29
Q

What occurs in mild non-proliferative retinopathy?

A

Haemorrhages

Microaneurysms

30
Q

What occurs in moderate non-prolierative retinopathy?

A

Microaneurysms
Hard exudates
Haemorrhages

31
Q

What occurs in severe non-proliferative retinopathy?

A

IRMA
Venous bleeding
Haemorrhages

32
Q

What occurs in proliferative retinopathy?

A

New vessel formation

33
Q

What are cotton wool spots?

A

Ischaemic areas

34
Q

What are hard exudates?

A

Lipid breakdown products

35
Q

What is IRMA?

A

Intra-retinal microvascular abnormalities

36
Q

What does bleeding of eye vessels lead to?

A

Floaters and sudden changes in vision

37
Q

What are the 3 treatments of retinopathy?

A

Laser
Vitrectomy
Anti-VEGF

38
Q

What % of diabetic men have erectile dysfunction?

A

50%

39
Q

What causes erectile dysfunction?

A

Vascular problems

Neuropathy

40
Q

What can also cause erectile dysfunction?

A 
Spinal cord injuries
Pelvic and urogenital surgery
Radiation
Substance abuse
Alcohol
Smoking
Medications
41
Q

What medications can cause erectile dysfunction?

A 
Anti-hypertensives:
-All capable
-Thiazides and Beta blockers common
CNS drugs:
-Anti-depressants
-Tranquilizers
-Sedatives
-Analgesics

Endocrine Lectures Important Points (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions