Pathophysiology and Disease Processes

Question 1

What disease is characterized by the body’s inability to produce sufficient insulin?

Answer 1

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 2

What viral disease resulted in an epidemic that presented symptoms such as weakness, paralysis of muscles, fever and headache?

Answer 2

Polio

Question 3

What disease presented fever, nasal discharge, rash, and red eyes?

Answer 3

Measles

Question 4

What disease presented rash and swollen lymph glands?

Answer 4

Rubella

Question 5

What disease presented itself with fever, throat spasms, profuse salivation, and uncontrollable excitement.

Answer 5

Rabies

Question 6

What factor puts a patient at risk for CVA (stroke)?

Answer 6

Sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is a condition that causes the trachea to narrow or close during sleep, which temporarily causes breathing to stop. It is a risk factor for CVA.

Question 7

What is the purpose of contrast media in diagnostic imaging?

Answer 7

Contrast media is used to highlight the inner contours of body structures and to enhance visibility for diagnostic imaging of less-dense body structures.

Question 8

A low fiber, high fat diet puts one at risk for what disease?

Answer 8

Colorectal cancer.

Question 9

What is a risk factor for the development of congestive heart failure?

Answer 9

Chronic hypertension.

Question 10

What is a hiatal hernia?

Answer 10

part of the top of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm. Risk factors for a hiatal hernia include middle age and obesity.

Question 11

Define inguinal hernia

Answer 11

portion of the bowel protrudes into the inguinal canal.

Question 12

Define umbilical hernia

Answer 12

An umbilical hernia occurs when part of the bowel protrudes through the abdominal muscle wall.

Question 13

Incisional hernia

Answer 13

occurs when tissue protrudes at a surgical site.

Question 14

Diabetes mellitus (type 1)

Answer 14

Insulin therapy is the treatment, the symptoms are polyuria polydipsia fatigue blurry vision weight loss and elevated blood glucose. Unknown cause.

Question 15

PCOS

Answer 15

Symptoms are a regular menstrual cycles, elevated hormone levels, multiple cysts on ovaries. The treatment is weight loss or estrogen or progestin. The cause is unknown

Question 16

Hypothyroidism

Answer 16

The cause is an autoimmune disease common medications, thyroid surgery. Symptoms are fatigue weight gain muscle aches bradycardia depression elevated cholesterol dry skin. Treatment is synthetic thyroid hormone medication.

Question 17

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 17

Disease, thyroiditis or plumber’s disease. Symptoms are weight loss, tachycardia, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disruption, goiter. The treatment is radioactive iodine, anti-thyroid medication, beta blockers, thyroidectomy.

Question 18

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 18

Light or fair skin or sun exposure are the causes period symptoms are New growth or sore that does not heal. Treatment is cottage or surgery or laser therapy.

Question 19

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 19

Causes light or fair skin or sun exposure period less common than bcc. Symptoms are spreading around surrounding tissue most common on face and head. Requires surgery or laser therapy.

Question 20

Malignant melanoma

Answer 20

Cause is light or fair skin or sun exposure. Symptoms are itchy or bleeding mole, new mole or no mole with changes. Treatment is surgery biopsy radiation therapy or immunotherapy or chemotherapy.

Question 21

Alopecia

Answer 21

Causes are hereditary, hormone changes, chemotherapy, stress, Burns or fungal skin infections. There is no cure.

Question 22

Cellulitis

Answer 22

Causes staphylococcal and streptococcal bacterial infections. Symptoms are red tight skin, pain and inflamed area and fever. Treatment is oral or topical antibiotics

Question 23

Folliculitis.

Answer 23

Cause is shaving or repeated rubbing of shaped area. Bacteria or fungi, the symptoms are red itchy hair follicles that look like pimples. Treated with regular cleaning antibiotics or electric shaver

Question 24

Herpes

Answer 24

With herpes. Type 1 symptoms are painful blisters on lips mouth and face. Type 2 symptoms are similar lesions in the genital area. There is no cure but you can use antiviral medication to decrease the frequency of outbreaks.

Question 25

Impetigo

Answer 25

Caused by staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria. Symptoms are itchy using skin lesions with honey like appearing crust. Treated by antibiotics and frequent cleaning

Question 26

Psoriasis

Answer 26

Cause is in its an inherited autoimmune disorder. Symptoms are silvery scaly severely itchy skin lesions. Treated by NSAIDs topical creams and UV treatment.

Question 27

Ringworm

Answer 27

Caused by contact with causative fungus. Symptoms are flat circular lesions, treated by topical oral antifungal medications

Question 28

Rosacea

Answer 28

Caused by dilation of small facial blood vessels unsure why it happens. Symptoms are redness and acne like eruptions on the face. Treated by topical cortisones and antibiotics.

Question 29

Coronary artery disease

Answer 29

Causes buildup of fat and cholesterol and arteries. Risk factors is high fat diet LDL levels smoking obesity and sedentary lifestyle, symptoms are not apparent. Treatment is lipid lowering medication low-fat diet exercise smoking cessation and coronary artery bypass

Question 30

Lymphedema

Answer 30

Parasitic infection, surgical removal of lymph nodes. Symptoms are persistent tissue swelling. Treatment is compression stockings lymphedema pump and surgery.

Question 31

Angina

Answer 31

Coronary artery narrowing or atherosclerosis, symptoms are pain and chest tightness. Treatment is sublingual nitroglycerin