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Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

CAD Etiology

A

Narrowing of the coronary arteries limits blood supply to the heart muscle causing angina (CP specifically due to heart muscle ischemia)

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2
Q

CAD Catch Prase

A

CP WITH PHYSICAL EXERTION

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3
Q

CAD Chief Complaint

A

CP or Chest pressure

  • Worse with exertion
  • Improved by rest or NTG
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4
Q

CAD Assoc. Med

A

ASA 324 mg PO, NTG 0.4 mg SL

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5
Q

CAD Dx by

A

Cardiac Catheterization (not diagnosed in ED)

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6
Q

CAD Scribe Alert

A

1) CAD greatest risk factor for MI
2) Stress test/Cardiac Catheterization to see severity
3) CAD if PMHx of Angina, MI, CABG, cardiac stents, or angioplasty
4) ASA 324mg PO ASAP unless given PTA or contraindicated due to bleeding or allergy

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7
Q

MI Etiology

A

Acute blockage of the coronary arteries results in ischemia and infarct of the heart muscle

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8
Q

MI Catch Phrase

A

Chest pressure WITH DIAPHORESIS, N/V, SOB

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9
Q

MI Risk Factor

A

CAD, HTN, HLD, DM, Smoker, FHx of CAD

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10
Q

MI Chief Complaint

A

CP or Chest Pressure

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11
Q

MI Dx By

A

EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI) reg =.05

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12
Q

MI Assoc. Med

A

ASA, NTG, B-Blocker, Thrombolytic (heparin)

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13
Q

CHF Etiology

A

The heart becomes enlarged, inefficient, and congested with excess fluid.

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14
Q

CHF Catch Phrase

A

SOB with PEDAL EDEMA and ORTHOPNEA

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15
Q

CHF Chief Complaint

A

SOB - ORTHOPNEA (worse lying flat)

  • PND (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea)
  • DOE (dyspnea on exertion)
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16
Q

CHF PE

A

Rales in lungs
JUV in neck
Pitting pedal edema

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17
Q

CHF Assoc. Med

A

Diuretics (Lasix, Furosemide) to inc. urination

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18
Q

CHF Dx By

A

CXR or ELEVATED BNP (B-type Natriuretic peptite)

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19
Q

CHF Scribe Alert

A

Fluid traffic jam in the heart

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20
Q

AFIB Etiology

A

Electrical abnormalities in the ‘wiring’ of the heart causes the top of the atria to quiver abnormally

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21
Q

AFIB Chief Complaint

A

Palpitations (fast, pounding, irregular)

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22
Q

AFIB Risk Factors

A

Paroxysmal A fib (ocassionally)

Chronic A fib (more frequently)

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23
Q

AFIB PE

A

IRREGULARLY IRREGULAR RHYTHM, Tachycardia

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24
Q

AFIB Dx By

A

EKG (ECG)

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25
Q

AFIB Assoc. Med

A

Coumadin (Warfarin): Blood thinner

Digoxin: slow HR

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26
Q

AFIB Scribe Alert

A

ED concern of RVR (rapid ventricular response)

Pt ‘cardioverted’ (put back into NSR)

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27
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart causing CP

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28
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the sac surriounding the lungs is causing pleuritic CP

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29
Q

Costochondritis

A

Irritations of the ribs causing CP worsened by pressing on the sternum

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30
Q

Chest Wall Pain

A

Irritation of the chest wall causing pain with palpation of the chest

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31
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Fluid collecting around the lungs causing SOB or CP

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32
Q

PE Etiology

A

A blood clot becomes lodged in the pulmonary artery and blocks blood flow to the lungs

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33
Q

PE Catch Phrase

A

PLEURITIC CHEST PAIN with tachycardia and hypoxia

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34
Q

PE Risk Factor

A

Known DVT or PE, FHx, Recent surgery, Cancer, AFIB, Immobility, Pregnancy, BCP, Smoking

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35
Q

PE Chief Complaint

A

SOB or Pleuritic chest pain (CP worse w/ deep breath)

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36
Q

PE Dx By

A

CTA (CT chest w/ IV contrast) or VQ scan (preg or kidney issues)
D-dimer: (-) No PE for sure (+) might have clot

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37
Q

PNA Etiology

A

Infiltrate (bacterial infection) and inflammation inside the lung

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38
Q

PNA Catch Phrase

A

Productive cough w/ fever

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39
Q

PNA Chief Complaint

A

SOB or PRODUCTIVE COUGH

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40
Q

PNA Assoc. Sx

A

Cough w/ sputum, fever, chest pain

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41
Q

PNA PE

A

Rhonchi

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42
Q

PNA Dx By

A

CXR

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43
Q

PNA Scribe Alert

A

CAP: Community aquired PNA

Req documenting Abx, Vital signs, Sa02, Mental status, and blood cultures.

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44
Q

PTX Etiology

A

Collapsed lung due to trauma or a spontaneous small rupture of the lung

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45
Q

PTX Chief Complaint

A

SOB and ONE-SIDED chest pain

-sudden onset, often trauma pt (gradual)

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46
Q

PTX PE

A

Absent breath sounds unilaterally

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47
Q

PTX Dx By

A

CXR

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48
Q

PTX Scribe Alert

A

Document % of lung collapsed. Pt will have a chest tube to reinflate the lungs

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49
Q

COPD Etiology

A

Long-term damage to the lung’s alveoli (emphysema) along with inflammation and mucous production (chronic bronchitis)

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50
Q

COPD Risk Factors

A

Smoking

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51
Q

COPD Chief Complaint

A

SOB

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52
Q

COPD PE

A

Decreased breath sounds, wheezes, rales

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53
Q

COPD Assoc. Meds

A

Home 02 (how much and type for baseline)

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54
Q

COPD Dx By

A

CXR and Hx of smoking

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55
Q

RAD Etiology

A

COnstricting of the airway due to inflammation and muscular contraction of the bronchioles, know as a ‘bronchospasm’

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56
Q

RAD Chief Complaint

A

SOB/Wheezing

-Improved by nebulizer ‘breathing treatments’ (bronchodilators)

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57
Q

RAD PE

A

Wheezes (inspiratory/expiratory, L or R)

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58
Q

RAD Assoc. Meds

A

Inhalers, Nebulizers, Corticosteroids

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59
Q

RAD Dx By

A

Clinically

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60
Q

RAD Scribe Alert

A

1) Home nebulizer? 2) Recent steroids? 3) Hx of hospitalization for asthma 4) Hx of intubation 5) Asthma triggers

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61
Q

CVA Etiology

A

Blockage of the arteries supplying blood to the brain resulting in permanent brain damage

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62
Q

CVA Chief Complaint

A

UNILATERAL focal neurological deficits: numbness/weakness or changes in speech/vision

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63
Q

CVA Risk Factors

A

HTN, HLD, DM, Hx TIA/CVA, Smoking, FHx, CVA, AFIB

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64
Q

CVA PE

A

Nerological deficits: hemiparesis, unilateral parethesias, aphasia, visual field deficits

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65
Q

CVA Dx By

A

Clinically, Potentially normal CT Head

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66
Q

CVA Scribe Alert

A

Date and time they were “last known well” (at baseline) and source of info (assesses eligibility for tPA)
- not used if >3 hrs or unknown onset or Sx rapidly improving

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67
Q

Hemorrhagic CVA Etiology

A

Traumatic or spontaneous rupture of blood vessels in the head leads to bleeding in the brain

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68
Q

Hemorrhagic CVA Chief Complaint

A

HA, sudden onset?

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69
Q

Hemorrhagic CVA Assoc. Sx

A

Changes in speech, vision, numbness, weakness, AMS, seizure, HA

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70
Q

Hemorrhagic CVA PE

A

Unilateral neurological deficits

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71
Q

Hemorrhagic Dx By

A

CT Head or LP

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72
Q

Hemmorhagic Scribe Alert

A

Document “tPA not indicated due to hemorrhage”

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73
Q

TIA Etiology

A

Vascular changes temporarily deprive a part of the brain of oxygen (Sx usually last lest than 1 hr)

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74
Q

TIA Chief Complaint

A

Transient focal neurological deficit

-Changes in speech,vision,strength, or sensation

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75
Q

TIA Dx By

A

Clinically

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76
Q

TIA Scribe Alert

A

Document tPA considered and not indicated due to the fact that symptoms are resolved.

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77
Q

Meningitis Etiology

A

Inflammation and infection of the meninges; the sac surrounding the brain and spinal chord

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78
Q

Meningitis Chief Complaint

A

HA and neck pain

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79
Q

Meningitis Assoc. Sx

A

Fever, NECK PAIN, NECK STIFFNESS, and AMS

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80
Q

Meningitis PE

A

Meningismus (neck stiffness), nuchal rigidity

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81
Q

Meningitis Dx By

A

LP

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82
Q

Spinal Cord Injury Etiology

A

Injury to the spinal cord may create weakness or numbness in the extremities past the site of the injury.

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83
Q

Spinal Cord Injury Chief Complaint

A

Neck pain or back pain, bilateral extremity weakness

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84
Q

Spinal Cord Injury PE

A

MIDLINE BONY TENDERNESS, deformities, step-offs, bilateral extremity weakness, numbness, decreased rectal tone

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85
Q

Spinal Cord Injury Dx By

A

CT Cervical/thoracic/lumbar

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86
Q

Spinal Cord Injury Scribe Alert

A

Pt often immobilized in C-collar

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87
Q

SZ Etiology

A

Abnormal electrical activity in the brain leading to abnormal physical manifestations. Often caused by epilepsy, EtOH withdrawls, or febrile seizure in pediatric pts

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88
Q

SZ Chief Complaint

A

Seizure activity, Syncope

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89
Q

SZ Assoc. Sx

A

Injuries (tongue bite), Confusion, Headache, Incontinence

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90
Q

SZ PE

A

Somnolent, Confused (Post-Ictal)

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91
Q

SZ Medications

A

Dilantin, Tegretol, Keppra, Depakote, Neurontin

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92
Q

SZ Scribe Alert

A

1) Similar SZ before? 2) Hx of SZ? 3) Date of last SZ 4) What SZ med? 5) Missed med dose?

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93
Q

Bells Palsy Etiology

A

Inflammation or viral infection of the facial nerve causes one-sided weakness of the entire face

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94
Q

Bells Palsy Chief Complaint

A

Facial Droop; sudden onset

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95
Q

Bells Palsy Assoc. Sx

A

Jaw or ear pain, increased tear flow of one eye

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96
Q

Bells Palsy Pert. Neg

A

NO EXTREMITY WEAKNESS, NO CHANGES IN SPEECH/VISION

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97
Q

Bells Palsy PE

A

Unilateral weakness of the upper and lower face

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98
Q

Bells Palsy Dx By

A

Clinially

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99
Q

Bells Palsy Scribe Alert

A

Most common cause of facial droop in young pt who do not have CVA risk factors. Document absence of other FND

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100
Q

HA Etiology

A

Various causes including hypertensive headaches (from high blood presure), recurrent diagnosed migranes, sinusitits, etc.

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101
Q

HA Chief Complaint

A

HA gradual onset - pressure, throbbing

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102
Q

HA Pertinent Neg.

A

NO FEVER, NO NECK STIFFNESS, NO NUMBNESS/WEAKNESS, NO CHANGES IN SPEECH/VISION

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103
Q

HA Scribe Alert

A

Not if similar/dissimilar to prior HA

NEVER DOCUMENT ‘WORST OF MY LIFE’ UNLESS SPECIFICALLY INSTRUCTED

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104
Q

AMS Etiology

A

Multiple causes: most common are hypoglycemia, infection, intoxication, and neurological

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105
Q

AMS Risk Factors

A

Diabetic, elderly, demented, EtOH use, Drug use

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106
Q

AMS Chief Complaint

A

Confusion, decreased responsiveness, unresponsive

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107
Q

AMS Dx By

A

Case dependent

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108
Q

AMS Scribe Alert

A

Generalized, caused by things that affect the whole brain (drugs, low blood sugar). For pt w/o a Hx of dementia is from infection (freq. UTI)

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109
Q

Syncope Etiology

A

Temporary loss of blood supply to the brain resulting in LOC. Common causes of vasovagal and low blood volume (dehydration/hypovolemia), occasionally due to cardiac/neurologic causes.

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110
Q

Syncope Chief Complaint

A

Passing out vs about to pass out

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111
Q

Syncope Scribe Alert

A

What happened PRIOR, DURING, AFTER, AND HOW PT CURRENTLY FEELS.

112
Q

Vertigo Etiology

A

Caused by inner ear problems (benign positional vertigo) or damage in specific center of the brain (possible CVA)

113
Q

Vertigo Chief Complaint

A

Room spinning, disequilibrium, WORSENED WITH HEAD MOVEMENT

114
Q

Vertigo Assoc Sx

A

N/V, TINNITUS

115
Q

Vertigo PE

A

Horizontal Nystagmus (eye exam) + Romberg (stand and close eyes) + Dix-Hallpike Test (Sit up in bed and slam down)

116
Q

Vertigo Assoc. Med

A

Meclizine (Antivert)

117
Q

Vertigo Dx By

A

Clinically

118
Q

APPY Etiology

A

Infection of the appendix causes inflammation and blockage, possibly leading to rupture.

119
Q

APPY Chief Complaint

A

RLQ pain

-Gradual onset, constant, worsened with mvmt

120
Q

APPY Assoc. Sx

A

Decreased appetite (anorexia), fever, N/V

121
Q

APPY PE

A

McBurney’s point tenderness, RLQ tenderness

Peritoneal signs: guarding, rebound, rigidity

122
Q

APPY Dx By

A

CT A/P with PO contrast, ultrasounds

123
Q

SBO Etiology

A

Physical blockage of the small intesine

124
Q

SBO Risk Factor

A

Elderly, infants, abd surgery, narcotic pain meds

125
Q

SBO Chief Complaint

A

Abd pain, VOMITING, Constipation

126
Q

SBO Assoc. Sx

A

Abd distension, bloating , no BMs

127
Q

SBO PE

A

Abd tenderness, buarding, rebound, abnormal bowel sounds, ABD DISTENSION, tympany

128
Q

SBO Dx By

A

CT A/P with PO Contrast

AAS (acute abdominal series)

129
Q

Cholecystitis Etiology

A

Minerals from the liver’s bile condense to form gallstones which can irritate, inflame, or obstruct the gallbladder

130
Q

Cholecystitis Catch Phrase

A

RUQ abd pain after eating fatty foods

131
Q

Cholecystitis Chief Complaint

A

RUQ pain: sharp, worsened with eating/deep breaths/palpation

132
Q

Cholecystitis PE

A

RUQ tenderness, Murphy’s sign

133
Q

Cholecystitis Dx By

A

Abd US, RUQ

134
Q

GI Bleed Etiology

A

Hemmorhage in upper or lower GI tract can lead to anemia

135
Q

GI Bleed Chief Complaint

A

Hematemesis (upper), coffee ground emesis (lower), hematochezia (lower), melena (upper)

136
Q

GI Bleed Assoc. Sx

A

Generalized weakness, lightheadedness, SOB, abd pain, rectal pain

137
Q

GI Bleed PE

A

Pale conjunctiva, pallor, tachycardia, rectal exam: melena, grossly bloody stool

138
Q

GI Bleed Dx by

A

Guaiac positive stool

139
Q

GI Bleed Scribe Alert

A

ED concern is need for a possible blood transfusion due to significant blood loss

140
Q

Diverticulitis Etiology

A

Acute inflammation and infection of abnormal pockets of the large intestine, known as diverticuli

141
Q

Diverticulitis Risk Factor

A

Diverticulosis, advanced age

142
Q

Diverticulitis Chief Complaint

A

LLQ pain

143
Q

Diverticulitis Assoc. Sx

A

Nausea, Fever, Diarrhea

144
Q

Diverticulitis Dx By

A

CT A/P with PO Contrast

145
Q

Pancreatitis Etiology

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

146
Q

Pancreatitis Risk Factors

A

ETOH ABUSE, cholecystitis, specific meds

147
Q

Pancreatitis Chief Complaint

A

LUQ epigastric pain

148
Q

Pancreatitis Assoc. Sx

A

N/V

149
Q

Pancreatitis PE

A

Epigastric tenderness

150
Q

Pancreatitis Dx By

A

Elevated Lipase lab test

151
Q

GERD Etiology

A

Stomach acid regurgitation into the esophagus

152
Q

GERD Chief Complaint

A

Epigastric pain - burning, improved w/ antacids

153
Q

GERD PE

A

Epigastric tenderness

154
Q

GERD Assoc. Med

A

GI Cocktail

155
Q

GERD Scribe Alert

A

PT WITH CARDIAC RISK FACTORS AND EPIGASTIC PAIN WILL ALWAYS GET A CARDIAC WORKUP

156
Q

C. Diff Colitis

A

Opportunistic bacteria that causes persistent diarrhea

157
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

V/D, GI bug often viral or bacterial

158
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

Immune disorder causing D and abd pain

159
Q

IBS

A

Chronically sensitive bowels prone to diarrhea

160
Q

Gastritis

A

Irritated stomach with vomiting, stomach ache

161
Q

UTI Etiology

A

Infection in the urinary tract (bladder or urethra)

162
Q

UTI Risk Factors

A

Female

163
Q

UTI Chief Complaint

A

Dysuria, hematuria

164
Q

UTI Assoc. Sx

A

Frequency, Urgency, malodorous urine, AMS (elderly)

165
Q

UTI PE

A

Suprapubic tenderness

166
Q

UTI Dx By

A

Urine dip (done in ED) or Urinalysis (lab test for Nitrite, WBC, and bacteria in urine)

167
Q

Pyelonephritis Etiology

A

Infection of the tissue in the kidneys, usually spread from a UTI

168
Q

Pyelonephritis RIsk Factors

A

Female, frequent UTI

169
Q

Pyelonephritis Chief Complaint

A

Flank pain with dysuria

170
Q

Pyelonephritis Assoc. Sx

A

Fever, N/V

171
Q

Pyelonephritis PE

A

Costo-vertebral angle (CVA) tenderness

172
Q

Pyelonephitis Dx

A

CT Abd/Pel w/o contrast or confirmed UTI w/ CVA tenderness on exam

173
Q

Renal Calculi Etiology

A

Kidney stone dislodges from the kidney and travels down the ureter. Scraping causes sever flank pain and bloody urine

174
Q

Renal Calculi Chief Complaint

A

Flank pain: SUDDEN ONSET, radiating to groin

175
Q

Renal Calculi Assoc. Sx

A

Hematuria, N/V, UNABLE TO VOID

176
Q

Renal Calculi Exam

A

CVA tenderness

177
Q

Renal Calculi Dx By

A

CT Abd/Pelvis, RBC in US may be a clue

178
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy Etiology

A

Fertilized egg develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. High risk for rupture and death

179
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy Risk Factors

A

Pregnant female, STD

180
Q

Ectopic Pregancny Chief Complaint

A

Lower abdominal pain or Vaginal bleeding while pregnant

181
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy Dx By

A

US Pelvis

182
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy Scribe Alert

A

Any pregnant female complaining of lower abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding considered

183
Q

Ovarian Torsion Etiology

A

Twisting of an ovarian artery reducing blood flow to an ovary, possibly resulting in infarct of the ovary

184
Q

Ovarian Torsion Chief Complaint

A

RLQ or LLQ pain

185
Q

Ovarian Torsion PE

A

Adenexal tenderness, tenderness in the RLQ or LLQ

186
Q

Ovarian Torsion Dx By

A

US Pelvis

187
Q

Ovarian Torsion Scribe Alert

A

TIme sensitive, document accurate times for pt arrival, US resluts, and any physician consultations

188
Q

URI Etiology

A

Most often viral infection causes congestion, cough, and inflammation of the upper airway

189
Q

URI Assoc. Sx

A

Fever, sore throat, headache, myalgias

190
Q

URI PE

A

Rhinorrhea, boggy turbinates, pharyngeal erythema

191
Q

URI Dx By

A

Clinically

192
Q

URI Scribe Alert

A

Document complaints of CP or SOB accurately so as not to create impression of Sx of MI or PE

193
Q

Otitis Media Etiology

A

Viral or bacterial infection of the tympanic membrane (TM) causing ear pain and pressure

194
Q

Otitis Media Chief Complaint

A

Ear pain, ear pulling

195
Q

Otitis Media Assox. Sx

A

Fever, sore throat, dry cough, congestion

196
Q

Otitis Media PE

A

Erythema, effusion, dullness, bulging of TM

197
Q

Otitis Media Dx By

A

Clinically

198
Q

Steptococcal Pharyngitis Etiology

A

Bacterial infection of the tonsils and pharynx causing a sore throat and frequently swollen lymph nodes

199
Q

Streptococcal Pharyngitis Chief Complaint

A

Sore Throat

200
Q

Streptococcal Pharyngitis PE

A

Pharyngeal Erythma, Tonsilar hypertrophy, tonsilar exudate

201
Q

Streptococcal Pharyngitis Dx By

A

Rapid Strep

202
Q

Strptococcal Pharyngitis Scribe Alert

A

Abx help, main concern is possible Peri-Tonsilar Abscess (PTA): uvular shift or tonsillar asymmetry

203
Q

Conjunctivitis Etiology

A

Infection of the outer lining of the eye, known as the conjunctiva

204
Q

Conjunctivitis Chief Complaint

A

Eye redness, irritation, or pain

205
Q

Conjunctivitis Assoc. Sx

A

Eylid malting, eye discharge, fever

206
Q

Conjunctivitis PE

A

Conjunctival injection (redness), edema, and exudates

207
Q

Conjunctivits Dx By

A

Clinically

208
Q

Epistaxis Etiology

A

Rupture of blood vessel inside the nose causes blood to flow out the nose and into the throat

209
Q

Epistaxis Chief Compaint

A

Nose bleed

210
Q

Epistaxis Risk Factors

A

BLOOD THINNERS, HTN

211
Q

Epistaxis PE

A

Anterior, posterior, septal source

212
Q

Epistaxis Dx By

A

Clinically

213
Q

Epistaxis Scribe Alert

A

Cauterization may be needed or stopped with Nasal Tamponade “Rhino-rocket”. May have coagulation labs (PT/INR) drawn to make sure blood isn’t too thin

214
Q

Musculoskeletal Back Pain Etiology

A

Deterioration or strain of the back creates pain that is worse with movement

215
Q

Musculoskeletal Back Pain Chief Complaint

A

Back pain: most commonly lumbar pain

216
Q

Musculoskeletal Back Pain Assoc. Sx

A

Shooting posterior lower extremity pain

217
Q

Musculoskeletal Back Pain Pert. Negs.

A

No LE WEAKNESS, NO INCONTINENCE

218
Q

Musculoskeletal Back Pain PE

A

PARASPINAL TENDERNESS, +SLR diagnoses sciatica

219
Q

Musculoskeletal Back Pain Scribe Alert

A

Document any recent trauma related to the back pain

220
Q

Extremity Injury Etiology

A

Trauma crates pain/swelling in an extremity

221
Q

Extremity Injury Chief Complaint

A

Extremity pain

222
Q

Extremity Injury Assoc. Sx

A

Swelling, bruising, deformity, use limitation

223
Q

Extremity Injury Pert. Neg

A

NO MOTOR WEAKNESS, NO NUMBNESS/TINGLING

224
Q

Extremity PE

A

DISTAL CSMT (circulation, sensory, motor, tendon) INTACT, no tendon laxity, ROM LIMITED SECONDARY TO PAIN

225
Q

Extremity Scribe Alert

A

Make sure to document splint application procedure in notes if applicable.

226
Q

AAA Etiology

A

Widened and weakened arterial wall at risk of rupture

227
Q

AAA Chief Complaint

A

Midline abdominal pain

228
Q

AAA PE

A

Midline pulsatile abd mass, abd bruit, unequal femoral pulses, hypotention

229
Q

AAA Dx By

A

CT A/P with IV contrast dye

230
Q

Aortic Dissection Etiology

A

Separation fo the muscular wall from the membrane of the artery, putting the pt at risk of aortic rupture and death

231
Q

Aortic Dissection Chief Complaint

A

CP radiating to the back, RIPPING OR TEARING

232
Q

Aortic Dissection PE

A

Unequal brachial or radial pulses, HTN

233
Q

Aortic Dissection Dx By

A

CT Chest with IV contrast dye

234
Q

DVT Etiology

A

Blood slows down while flowing through long straight veins in the extremities; slow-flowing blood is more likely to clot. Once formed the clot can continue to grow and eventually block the vein.

235
Q

DVT Risk Factors

A

PMHx of DVT, PE, FHx, Recent surgery, CA, immobility, pregnancy, BCP, smoking, LE Trauma, LE Casts

236
Q

DVT Chief Complaint

A

Extremity pain and swelling, usually lower extremity

237
Q

DVT PE

A

Calf tenderness, cords, Homan’s sign

238
Q

DVT Dx By

A

US/Doppler of the extremity

239
Q

Cellulitis Etiology

A

Infection of the skin cells

240
Q

Cellulitis Chief Complaint

A

Red, swollen, painful, and sometimes warm

241
Q

Cellulitis PE

A

Erythema, edema, increased calor, induration

242
Q

Cellulitis Assoc. Meds

A

Abx

243
Q

Cellulitis Dx By

A

Clinically

244
Q

Abscess Etiology

A

Skin infection with an underlying collection of pus

245
Q

Abscess Chief Complaint

A

Red, swollen, and painful lump

246
Q

Abscess PE

A

Fluctuance (pus-pocket), induration, purulent drainage

247
Q

Abscess Dx By

A

Clinically

248
Q

Abscess Scribe Alert

A

Document I&D

249
Q

Rash Etiology

A

Changes in the skin’s appearance due to systemic or localized reaction. May be caused from medication, virus, bacteria, fungus, insect.

250
Q

Rash Chief Comlaint

A

Rash: red, itchy, painful

251
Q

Rash PE

A

Urticaria (hives or wheals), macules (flat), papules (raised bumps), vesicles (small blisters), blanching (not dangerous), petechale (dangerous rash), pupura (dangerous rash)

252
Q

Rash Dx By

A

Clinically

253
Q

Allergic Reaction Etiology

A

Immune response causing an inflammatory reaction consisting of swelling, itching, and rash.

254
Q

Allergic Reaction Risk Factor

A

Known drug or food allergy

255
Q

Allergic Reaction Chief Complaint

A

Rash, swelling, itching, SOB

256
Q

Allergic Reaction PE

A

Edema, facial angiodema, urticara

257
Q

Allergic Reaction Dx By

A

Clinically

258
Q

Allergic Reaction Scribe Alert

A

ED concern is Anaphylaxis or respiratory failure

259
Q

DKA Etiology

A

Shortage of insulin resulting in hyperglycemia and production of ketones

260
Q

DKA Risk Factors

A

DM

261
Q

DKA Chief Complaint

A

Persistent vomiting with a Hx of DM, hyperglycemia, AMS

262
Q

DKA Assoc. Sx

A

SOB, polydipsia, polyuria

263
Q

DKA PE

A

Ketoic odor “fruity”, dry mucous membranes, tachypnea, cousmal breathing

264
Q

DKA Dx By

A

Arterial blood gas (ABG or VBG) showing low pH or Positive Serum ketones

265
Q

Psychological Disorder Etiology

A

Various types of psychological disease produce abnormal thoughts, behaviors, or actions

266
Q

Psychological Disorder PMHx

A

Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, PTSD, depression, anxiety, alcoholism, drug abuse, suicide attempt

267
Q

Psychological Disorder Chief Complaints

A

SI, HI, Hallucinations, substance abuse, self injury, overdose

268
Q

Psychological Disorder PE

A

Flat affect, SI, HI, Tangential or pressured speech

269
Q

Psychological Disorder Scribe Alert

A

Differentiate between medical (physical) and psychiatric complaints

270
Q

Trauma Etiology

A

Depending on the Mechanism of Injury (MOI) physical trauma may break bones, sever nerves, rupture blood vessels, or damage internal organs

271
Q

Trauma Chief Complaint

A

MVA, fall, GSW

272
Q

Trauma PE

A

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

273
Q

Trauma Assoc. Med

A

Blood thinners?

274
Q

Trauma Dx By

A

Trauma protocol depending on MOI: Ct or XR

275
Q

Trauma Scribe Alert

A

Neurological injury: LOC, confusion, numbness, weakness, HA, neck/back pain
Internal organ injury: SOB, CP, Abd pain

Scribing (8 decks)

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