Pathophysiology Flashcards
Compensation
adjustments the body makes to correct imbalances
Pathophysiology
study of how diesease affect the function of the body
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Metabolism
conversion of glucose into ATP
Electrolytes
substance that when dissolved in water, separate into charged particles
Aerobic Metabolism
when there is a correct oxygen supply to the body, produces energy with minimal waste products
Anaerobic Metabolism
when glucose is metabolized without / not enough oxygen, which forces energy to excrete waste produces
Diffusion
moves oxygen across the thin membrane from alveoli to the capillaries
Permeability
ability to effectively transfer fluids and substances in and out of the cell
Homeostasis
regulated in the brain and is maintained through a balance of nervous system feedback and messaging
Neurotransmitters
chemical messengers that regulate functions
FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen)
the concentration of oxygen in the air we breath in
Patent
open / clear / free from obstruction airway
Tidal Volume
the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing, 500ml
Minute Volume
the amount of air breathed in during each respirations multiplied by the number of breaths per minute
Dead air space
air that occupies space between the mouth and alveoli, 150ml
Medulla Oblongata
the seat of repiratory control
Pleural Space
the slight space between the lung tissue and chest wall
Chemoreceptors
chemical sensors in the brain and vascular system the identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Perfusion
regular supply of blood, delivery and removal of oxygen / wastes from a capillary
Plasma Oncotic Pressure
the pull from large proteins in the plasma that pull water from the body into the bloodstream
Hydrostatic Pressure
the pressure within a blood vessel that pushes water out into the body
Stretch Receptors
sensors in the blood vessels that can identify / change the vessel diameter
Systemic Vascular Resistance
the pressure inside the blood vessels that the heart has to pump against
Preload
how much blood is returned to the heart prior to the contraction
Contractlitility
the force of contraction
Afterload
how much pressure the heart has to pump against (systemic vascular resistance)
Cardiac Output
the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute
V/Q Match
ventilation / perfusion match
Hypoperfusion
inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients (also called shock)
Hypovolemic shock
low blood volume - occurs when blood is lost from cardiovascular system or when there is dehydration
Distributive Shock
blood vessel tone is lost, vessel lose ability to maintain a normal diameter
Cardiogenic Shock
the heart fails to pump blood
Obstructive Shock
blood is physically prevent from flowing; pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, pulmonary embolism
Compensated Shock
body temporarily makes adjustments to try and maintain normal function
Decompensated Shock
when compensatory measures fail
Dehydration
abnormally low amount of water in the body
Edema
swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space
Meningitis
an infection of the protective layers of the brain and spinal cord
Encephalities
an infection of the brain itself
Hypersensitivtiy
an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance (allergic reaction)
Pulmonary Respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries
Cellular Respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulation blood
