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EMT > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

consists of the heart (cardio), the blood, and the blood vessels (vascular); the circulatory system

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2
Q

Atria

A

the two upper chambers of the heart

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3
Q

Ventricles

A

the two lower chambers of the heart

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4
Q

Right Atrium

A

receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body (superior and inferior vena cava) and sends to the right ventricle

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5
Q

Right Ventricle

A

receives blood from the right atrium and sends the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs via pulmonary arteries

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6
Q

Left Atrium

A

receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins and sends blood to the left ventricle

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7
Q

Left Ventricle

A

receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium, then pumps blood into the aorta for distribution in the body

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8
Q

Vena Cava

A

two major veins (superior and inferior) that return blood from the body to the right atrium

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9
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

collects blood that is returned from the head and upper body

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10
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

collects blood from the body below the heart

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11
Q

Valve

A

a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow a a fluid in only one direction

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12
Q

Cardiac Conduction System

A

a system a specialized muscle tissue that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

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13
Q

Artery

A

any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

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14
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

branch off from the aorta and supply the heart muscle with blood

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15
Q

Aorta

A

largest artery in the body, transports blood from the left ventricle. Travels superiorly then arches inferiorly in front of the spine through the thoracic and abdominal cavities. At the navel it splits into iliac arteries

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16
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

begins at right ventricle, it carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

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17
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

vessel that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

18
Q

Carotid Arteries

A

major arteries of the neck, one on each side of the neck, carry blood from heart to head

19
Q

Femoral Artery

A

major artery of the thigh, pulsations can be felt in the crease between the abdomen and the groin

20
Q

Brachial Artery

A

artery of the upper arm, pulse can be felt anteriorly in the crease over the elbow and along the medial aspect of the upper arm (also used to determine blood pressure)

21
Q

Radial Artery

A

artery of the lower arm, pulse can be felt at the thumb side of the wrist

22
Q

Posterior Tibial Artery

A

artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle, used when determining the circulatory status of the lower extremity

23
Q

Dorsalis Pedis

A

artery supplying the foot, lies on top of the foot (lateral to the large tendon of the big toe)

24
Q

Arteriole

A

the smallest kind of artery

25
Q

Capillaries

A

thin walled microscopic blood vessels where the oxygen / carbon dioxide and nutrient / waste exchange with the body’s cells takes place

26
Q

Venule

A

the smallest kind of vein

27
Q

Vein

A

any blood vessel returning blood to the heart

28
Q

Plasma

A

the fluid portion of the blood, red / white blood cells and platelets are carried in plasma

29
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells

30
Q

White Blood Cells

A

involved in destroying microorganisms (germs) and producing substances called antibodies, which help the body resist infection

31
Q

Platelets

A

membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells, when these fragments are activated, they release chemical clotting factors needed to form blood clots

32
Q

Pulse

A

the rhythmic beats cause waves of blood to move through and expand the arteries

33
Q

How pulse is felt

A

felt by compressing an artery over a bone, allows you to feel wave of blood as it comes through the artery

34
Q

Primary arteries where pulse is taken

A

pulse is taken for vital signs or CPR, carotid, brachial, and radial arteries

35
Q

Peripheral Pulses

A

the radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses

36
Q

Central Pulses

A

the carotid and femoral pulses

37
Q

Blood Pressure

A

the pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels, pressure in artery is measured

38
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation

39
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A

the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling

40
Q

Perfusion

A

the supply of oxygen and nutrients to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of the blood through the capillaries

41
Q

Hypoperfusion

A

inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life threating condition, also called shock

EMT (7 decks)

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