Airway Management Flashcards
Airway
passageway by which air enters and leaves the body
Glottic Opening
the vocal cords that determines the boundary of upper and lower airway
Carina
where the trachea branches and forms two main stream bronchi
Intact Muscle Tone
14 different muscle groups that support and keep an open airway
Bronchoconstriction
the smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages can constrict and reduce in diameter increasing the resistance of airflow
Stridor
high pitched sound generated by partially obstructed airflow in the upper airway
Hoarseness
voice changes from normal to raspy indication possible swelling around the vocal cords
Snoring
sound of soft tissue in upper airway impeding the flow of air
Gurgling
sound of fluid obstructing the airway
Questions for airway assessment
is airway open / will airway stay open
Optimal Sniffing Posistion
when the patients ear is at the same level as the suprasternal notch (very top of sternum)
Head Tilt Chin Lift
head position to align the structures of the airway and provide free passage of air (non suspected trauma)
Jaw Thrust Maneuver
used to open the airway of unconscious patient with suspected trauma or injury
Conscious Choking Infants
5 rapid chest thrust (compressing appox one-half of anterior-posterior depth of chest) , 5 back slaps , at compression rate 1compression per second
Severe Choking
airway is completely blocked by a foreign body
Non Serve Choking
trachea is partially blocked but allows some air to be exchanged
Airway Adjuncts
devices that aid in maintaining an open airway, OPA and NPA
Requirement for portable suction devicues
intake 30liters per minute, vacuum of 300mmHG
Alveolar Ventilation
how much air actually reaches the alveoli
Respiratory Distress
increased work of breathing, a sensation of shortness of breath
Respiratory Failure
in inadequacy of breathing to the point where oxygen intake or the ventilation removal of carbon dioxide is not sufficient to support life
Respiratory Arrest
when breathing completely stops
Inadequate Breathing
either rate of breathing, or depth of breathing, or both fall outside of normal ranges
Adequate Breathing Rates
Adult 12-20, Child 18-30, Infant 30-60 per minute
Cyanosis
a blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body
Artificial Ventilation (positive pressure ventilation)
the use of positive pressure to force air or oxygen into the lungs when a patients has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing
Gastric Distention
filling the stomach with air that occurs when air is pushed through the esophagus during positive pressure ventilation
Hyperventialation
causes too much carbon dioxide to be blown off, causes vasoconstriction
Adequate Artificial Ventilation
chest rise / fall, adult 10-12, pediatric 12-20 per minute
Patients with rapid ventilations
squeeze BVM with patients inhalation to increase the volume of breaths, then adjust rate
Patients with slow ventilations
squeeze BVM with patients inhale, adding ventilations in between to obtain adequate rate
Ramp Position
in bariatric patients, if sniffing position fails, patients torso is raised to a 45 degree angle and head is plateau at the top of the ramp
BMV Rates
holds 1,000-1600mL of air, once every 5-6 secs for adults, once every 3-5 secs for child or infant. ventilations delivered over 1 second
Stoma
a permanent surgical opening in the neck though which the patients breathes
Automatic Transport Ventilator (ATV)
provide positive pressure ventilation, includes setting designed to adjust ventilation rate / volume, easily portable, carried on ambulances
Oxygen Cylinder
2,000-2,200 psi when full, don’t let get below 200psi, labeled OXYGEN U.S.P., green tank
Pressure Regulator
device connected to oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to the patients, safe working pressure of 30-70 psi
Flowmeter
a valve that indicated the flow of oxygen in liters per minute
Humidifier
can be connected to flowmeter is add moisture to oxygen
Nonrebreather Mask (NRB)
reservoir should not deflate more than one-third during patients deepest inspiration, flow rate 12-15 LPM 80-90% oxygen
Nasal Cannula
1-6 LPM, 24-44% oxygen
Partial Rebreather Mask
9-10 LPM, 40-60% oxygen
Venturi Mask
Varied, up to 15LPM, 24-60% oxygen
Tracheostomy Mask
8-10 LPM, varied as required per patients needs