Pathophys Resp

Question 1

Best Tx for HAPE

Answer 1

Descend!

Question 2

Rx Tx for HAPE

Answer 2

Nifedipine

Tadalafil 10 mg bid or
Sildenafil 50 mg q 8 hours
Supplemental O2

Question 3

Prophylactic Tx for HAPE
Class?
What does it do?

Answer 3

Acetazolamide

diuretic
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

also Nifedipine

Question 4

CO2 to bicarb
speed in presence of CA
w/o CA?

Answer 4

w/CA- fast

w/o CA- slow

Question 5

Acetazolamide S/E

Answer 5

Dizzy & dehydrated

Question 6

Nifedipine S/E

Answer 6

Lowers BP (dizzy)

Question 7

HACE Tx?
Dose
What to do 1st

Answer 7

Nifedipine
PLUS
Dexamethasone
(8mg loading. Then 4mg Q6hrs)

Main Tx is to DESCEND!

Question 8

HACE can:

Answer 8

Occur alone.

HAPE can progress to HACE

Question 9

Sx of HACE

Answer 9

Lethargy
Disorientation/Confusion
Nausea

Question 10

Major risk factor for HACE & HAPE

Answer 10

Altitude sickness

Question 11

High altitude Sickness Sx (8)

Altitude that it starts?

Answer 11

Headache
Dizziness
Nausea
Vomiting
Fatigue/loss of energy
Shortness of breath
Problems with sleep
Loss of appetite

> 6000ft

Question 12

Altitude that HAPE starts

Answer 12

> 8000ft

Question 13

Risk factors for Altitude Sickness (3)

Answer 13

Alcohol usage
Dehydration
Chronic illness

Question 14

HAPE Sx (8)
Fatal within \_\_\_\_?

Answer 14

Shortness of breath at exertion and eventually, at rest
Decreased exercise tolerance
Extreme fatigue/weakness
Tachycardia
Nonproductive cough/frothy sputum
Rales
Cyanosis
Worse at night

Fatal within Hrs

Question 15

HAPE predisposing factors (5)

Answer 15

Cold weather
Physical exertion at high altitude
Male sex
Use of sleep medications
Excessive salt ingestion

Question 16

The alveolar cell that secretes surfactant is

Answer 16

Type 2 cells

Question 17

Terminal bronchioles are lined with

Answer 17

Simple cuboidal epithelium

NOT CILIATED

Question 18

Activation of SNS that innervate lung tissue result in

Answer 18

Bronchodilation

Question 19

Contraction of ____________ muscle depresses ribs but during forced inspiration

Answer 19

internal intercostals

Question 20

According to Boyle’s law, the pressure of a gas ________ if the Vol increases.

Answer 20

decreases

Question 21

When central chemoreceptors detect drop in pH in CSF, which structure stim a change in resp system performance?
what is the change?

Answer 21

Medullary Respiratory Centers of the Medulla Oblongata

Increase Resp Rate and depth

Question 22

During expiration, diaphragm & extrernal intercostal relaxation does what to pressure in the Thoracic Cavity?

Answer 22

Increases intrathoracic pressure

Question 23

Which statement accurately describes ALVEOLAR exchange of O2?

Answer 23

Oxygen diffuses from alveolus to the blood b/c alveoli has higher partial pressure

Question 24

Hgb is crucial for O2 transport in blood b/c O2 has a _____ solubility coefficient in H2O.

Answer 24

low

Question 25

About ___ % of CO2 is attached to globin portion of Hgb.

Answer 25

23