Pathophys Resp Flashcards
Best Tx for HAPE
Descend!
Rx Tx for HAPE
Nifedipine
Tadalafil 10 mg bid or
Sildenafil 50 mg q 8 hours
Supplemental O2
Prophylactic Tx for HAPE
Class?
What does it do?
Acetazolamide
diuretic
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
also Nifedipine
CO2 to bicarb
speed in presence of CA
w/o CA?
w/CA- fast
w/o CA- slow
Acetazolamide S/E
Dizzy & dehydrated
Nifedipine S/E
Lowers BP (dizzy)
HACE Tx?
Dose
What to do 1st
Nifedipine
PLUS
Dexamethasone
(8mg loading. Then 4mg Q6hrs)
Main Tx is to DESCEND!
HACE can:
Occur alone.
HAPE can progress to HACE
Sx of HACE
Lethargy
Disorientation/Confusion
Nausea
Major risk factor for HACE & HAPE
Altitude sickness
High altitude Sickness Sx (8)
Altitude that it starts?
Headache Dizziness Nausea Vomiting Fatigue/loss of energy Shortness of breath Problems with sleep Loss of appetite
> 6000ft
Altitude that HAPE starts
> 8000ft
Risk factors for Altitude Sickness (3)
Alcohol usage
Dehydration
Chronic illness
HAPE Sx (8) Fatal within \_\_\_\_?
Shortness of breath at exertion and eventually, at rest Decreased exercise tolerance Extreme fatigue/weakness Tachycardia Nonproductive cough/frothy sputum Rales Cyanosis Worse at night
Fatal within Hrs
HAPE predisposing factors (5)
Cold weather Physical exertion at high altitude Male sex Use of sleep medications Excessive salt ingestion
The alveolar cell that secretes surfactant is
Type 2 cells
Terminal bronchioles are lined with
Simple cuboidal epithelium
NOT CILIATED
Activation of SNS that innervate lung tissue result in
Bronchodilation
Contraction of ____________ muscle depresses ribs but during forced inspiration
internal intercostals
According to Boyle’s law, the pressure of a gas ________ if the Vol increases.
decreases
When central chemoreceptors detect drop in pH in CSF, which structure stim a change in resp system performance?
what is the change?
Medullary Respiratory Centers of the Medulla Oblongata
Increase Resp Rate and depth
During expiration, diaphragm & extrernal intercostal relaxation does what to pressure in the Thoracic Cavity?
Increases intrathoracic pressure
Which statement accurately describes ALVEOLAR exchange of O2?
Oxygen diffuses from alveolus to the blood b/c alveoli has higher partial pressure
Hgb is crucial for O2 transport in blood b/c O2 has a _____ solubility coefficient in H2O.
low
About ___ % of CO2 is attached to globin portion of Hgb.
23
