Cytokine Storm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Small proteins secreted by a cell for intercellular signaling and communication are called?

A

Cytokines

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2
Q

__________ aid in regulation of INNATE immunity and activation of antiviral properties.

A

Interferon

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3
Q

_____________ stimulate the growth and differentiation of leukocytes, and are pro inflammatory.

A

Interleukins (IL)

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4
Q

________ control chemotaxis and recruit leukocytes.

A

Chemokines

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5
Q

_______ ________ ________ stimulate hematopoietic cell proliferation

A

Colony stimulating factors (CSF)

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6
Q

______ ________ _________ activates cytotoxic T cells and is pro inflammatory.

A

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

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7
Q

Before a cytokines storm, inflammation is local but spreads throughout the body via
_______ _________.

A

systemic circulation

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8
Q

__________ occurs in the tissues, causing a reduction in tissue perfusion.

A

Edema

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9
Q

A common consequence of the cytokines storm is ALI, or _____ _____ _____.

A

Acute lung injury; damage to alveoli results in fluid filled areas

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10
Q
What is the best 80’s movie:
A. Ferris Beuller’s day off
B. Breakfast Club
C. Dirty Dancing
D. Labyrinth
E. Goodies
F. The Never-ending Story
G. All of the above are acceptable answers
A

G

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11
Q

Symptoms of the cytokines storm include headache, fever, nausea, rash, difficulty breathing, _______, and ________.

A

Hypotension; tachycardia

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12
Q

During Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), what are the 2 mechanisms that lead to lung damage?

A

Direct injury to the lung epithelium

Direct injury to the pulmonary capillaries

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13
Q

IL’s and TNF’s are recruited to the lungs and undergo further pro inflammatory effects in a _____________ feedback loop.

A

Positive

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14
Q

During ARDS, a decrease in PCO2 (partial pressure of CO2) leads to what?

A

Decreased drive to breathe

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15
Q

During ARDS, at first there is a dry cough, but as it progresses there is a pink frothy sputum. Why?

A

Due to hemorrhaging of the alveoli

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16
Q

What steroid has shown a 28% reduction in mortality of vented patients with COVID?

A

Dexamethasone

17
Q

IL__ inhibitors have been utilized in COVID patients in an effort to regulate cytokines storm

A

IL6

18
Q

Types of Cytokines (5)

A
  1. Interferons
  2. Interleukens
  3. Chemokines
  4. Colony Stimulating Factors
  5. Tumor Necrosis Factors