Pathoma - Esophagus Flashcards
Tracheoesophageal fistula - cause
congenital defect
common type of TE fistula
esophageal atresia
clinical presentation of esophageal atresia
vomiting
polyhydramnios
distended abdomen (gas in stomach)
aspiration
Esophageal web
protrusion of esophageal mucosa
Esophageal web: most important manifestation
Plummer-vinson syndrome
Plummer Vinson syndrome - clinical presenation
Iron deficiency anemia
esophageal web
beefy-red tongue (atrophic glossitis)
Zenker’s diverticulum
outpouching of pharyngeal mucosa through acquired defect in muscular wall
Zenker’s diverticulum - location
pharyngeal-esophageal junction
Zenker’s diverticulum - clinical presentation
dysphagia, obstruction and halitosis
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
longitudinal laceration of mucosa
MW syndrome - location
gastro-esophageal junction
MW syndrome - cause
severe, repeated vomiting (alcoholism or bulimia)
MW syndrome - clinical presentation
painful, bright red vomiting (hematemesis)
most common cause of death in cirrhosis
esophageal varices rupture
Esophageal varices - cause
portal hypertension
Esophageal varices - clinical presentation
asymptomatic (until rupture)
Variceal rupture - clinical presentation
PAINLESS hematemesis
Achalasia
inability to relax lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Achalasia - cause
damage to myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus (idiiopathic or Chagas’ dz)
Achalasia - labs
“Bird beak sign” on barium swallow
Achalasia - clinical presentation
dysphagia, halitosis, increased LES pressure, increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma
GERD
loss of LES tone->reflux of stomach acid
GERD - risk factors
alcohol, tobacco, obesity, fat-rich diet, caffeine, hiatal hernia
GERD - complications
Barret’s Esophagus (metaplasia of squamous cells to columnar in epithelium of esophagus)
Ulceration w/ stricture
