Pathoma Carcinogenesis II Flashcards
Regulatory systems
Proto-oncogenes*** Tumor supressor genes Regulators of apoptosis
Proto-oncogenes
Mutated –> oncogenes lead to unregulated cell growth
Normal cell cycle
GF binds GF receptor sends signal via transducing molecule Signal to nucleus Cell cycle regulators/nuclear regulators activeted (G1 - S - G2 - M)
Oncogenes
GFs GF receptors Signal transducers Nuclear regulators Cell Cycle regulators
(Growth Factor oncogenes)
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PDGF-beta(Platelet derived growth factor)
Astrocytoma (overexpression)
(Growth Factor receptor oncogenes)
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ERBB2 (HER2-neu) (Epidermal GF receptor)
Breast cancer (amplification)
Tx HER2-neu breast cancer
Trastuzimab (Herceptin)
RET (Neural GF receptor)
Medullary Carcinoma of the thyroid (MEN2A/2B) (Sporadic carcinoma of the thyroid)
KIT (Stem cell GF receptor)
Gastointestinal stromal tumor
(Signal transducer oncogenes)
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RAS gene family (GTP binding protein)
Carcinoma, melanoma, lymphoma (Point mutation) - 80% human tumors
RAS is assiated with GDP
Activated, then associated with GTP Turn back into GDP (shuts off)
GAP (GTPase associated protein)
turns off RAS (GTP–>GDP)
ABL (Tyrosine kinase)
CML (some ALL) (Overexpression)
t(9;22) (Philadelphia chromosome)
CML, (some ALL) ABL signal transducer oncogene
(Nuclear regulator oncogene)
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c-MYC (transx factor)
Burkitt lymphoma t(8;14) Starry sky appearance
c-MYC translocation
t(8;14) - involves IgH Burkitt lymphoma
Starry sky appearance
Burkitt lymphoma t(8;14)
Ig heavy chain is on what chromosome?
14
MYC is on what chromosome?
8
N-MYC (transx factor)
Neuroblastoma
L-MYC (transx factor)
small cell Lung carcinoma
(cell sycle regulator oncogenes)
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Cyclin D1
Mantle Cell lymphoma t(11;14)
t(11;14)
Mantle cell lymphoma
What does Cyclin D1 do?
allows from G1 to S phase
Cyclin D is on what chromosome?
11
CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)
Melanoma (amplification)
Most highly regulated phase of cell cycle
G1–>S
